Abstract
Under arid and semi-arid conditions, increasing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity by using less water is a great challenge of the agricultural sector. A field experiment was conducted in Om-Elrakham, Marsa Matrouh Governorate, Egypt during winter season 2016-2017 and repeated in 2017-2018 to examine the effect of various farming practices on wheat production under dryland condition. The treatments were 1) supplemental irrigation treatments (rainfed, 60% of water requirement (SI1) and full requirement (SI2)), 2) two hydrogel applications (with hydrogel (H) and without hydrogel (H0) addition) and 3) three fertilization treatments (control (F0), traditional mineral fertilizers (TF) and slow release fertilizer (SRF) application) on wheat production. The obtained results indicated that wheat production increased gradually with applied supplemental irrigation in the following order: SI2> SI1 > rainfed. Hydrogel treatment led to an increase in wheat grain yield by 19.1, 14.8 and 9.4% under rainfed, SI1 and SI2, respectively compared with H0 treatment. Generally, the addition of hydrogel enhanced the studied soil physical properties. Slow release fertilizer superior to traditional fertilizers that enhanced wheat yield compared with control (F0). Although increasing applied water led to decrease IWUE, the addition of hydrogel and slow-release fertilizer raised both of irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and economic water productivity (EWP). Interestingly, the interaction SI1xHxSRF (1274.5 and 1276.0 kg/fed.) produced higher grain yield than SI2x H0x F0 (928.0 and 995.1 kg/fed.) and SI2x H0xTF (1207.0 and 1206.7 kg/fed) in the first and second season, respectively. Thus, it can reserve about 40% of added water by using hydrogel and slow release fertilizers with SI1 (60% of water requirements) under the studied soil conditions. It can address the challenges of wheat production under dryland conditions by the integration between supplemental irrigation, hydrogel, and slow-release fertilizers.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat production increased with supplemental irrigation in the order full requirement (SI2) > 60% requirement (SI1) > rainfed.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- supplemental irrigatione0
- Outcome
- wheat productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- rainfede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat production increased gradually with applied supplemental irrigation in the following order: SI2> SI1 > rainfed”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel increased wheat grain yield by 19.1% under rainfed conditions compared with no hydrogel (H0).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Hydrogel treatmente0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 19.1e0
- Qualifier
- rainfede0
- Comparator
- H0 treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydrogel treatment led to an increase in wheat grain yield by 19.1, 14.8 and 9.4% under rainfed, SI1 and SI2, respectively compared with H0 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel increased wheat grain yield by 14.8% under SI1 (60% of water requirement) compared with no hydrogel (H0).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Hydrogel treatmente0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 14.8e0
- Qualifier
- SI1e0
- Comparator
- H0 treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydrogel treatment led to an increase in wheat grain yield by 19.1, 14.8 and 9.4% under rainfed, SI1 and SI2, respectively compared with H0 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel increased wheat grain yield by 9.4% under SI2 (full water requirement) compared with no hydrogel (H0).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Hydrogel treatmente0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 9.4%e0
- Qualifier
- SI2e0
- Comparator
- H0 treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydrogel treatment led to an increase in wheat grain yield by 19.1, 14.8 and 9.4% under rainfed, SI1 and SI2, respectively compared with H0 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel addition enhanced the studied soil physical properties.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the addition of hydrogel enhanced the studied soil physical properties”
Claim · model-written summary
Slow release fertilizer was superior to traditional fertilizers for wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Slow release fertilizere0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- traditional fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Slow release fertilizer superior to traditional fertilizers that enhanced wheat yield compared with control (F0)”
Claim · model-written summary
Traditional fertilizers enhanced wheat yield compared with the unfertilized control (F0).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- traditional fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- control (F0)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Slow release fertilizer superior to traditional fertilizers that enhanced wheat yield compared with control (F0)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the applied water decreased irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE).
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“increasing applied water led to decrease IWUE”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel addition raised irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and economic water productivity (EWP).
- Treatment
- addition of hydrogele0
- Outcome
- irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and economic water productivity (EWP)e0
- Direction
- raisede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the addition of hydrogel and slow-release fertilizer raised both of irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and economic water productivity (EWP)”
Claim · model-written summary
Slow-release fertilizer raised irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and economic water productivity (EWP).
- Treatment
- slow-release fertilizere0
- Outcome
- irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and economic water productivity (EWP)e0
- Direction
- raisede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the addition of hydrogel and slow-release fertilizer raised both of irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and economic water productivity (EWP)”
Claim · model-written summary
The SI1xHxSRF combination gave higher grain yield (1274.5 and 1276.0 kg/fed. in the two seasons) than SI2xH0xF0 (928.0 and 995.1 kg/fed.).
- Treatment
- SI1xHxSRFe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1274.5 and 1276.0 kg/fed.e0
- Qualifier
- 928.0 and 995.1 kg/fed.e0
- Comparator
- SI2x H0x F0e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the interaction SI1xHxSRF (1274.5 and 1276.0 kg/fed.) produced higher grain yield than SI2x H0x F0 (928.0 and 995.1 kg/fed.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The SI1xHxSRF combination gave higher grain yield (1274.5 and 1276.0 kg/fed. in the two seasons) than SI2xH0xTF (1207.0 and 1206.7 kg/fed).
- Treatment
- SI1xHxSRFe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1274.5 and 1276.0 kg/fed.e0
- Qualifier
- 1207.0 and 1206.7 kg/fede0
- Comparator
- SI2x H0xTFe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the interaction SI1xHxSRF (1274.5 and 1276.0 kg/fed.) produced higher grain yield than SI2x H0x F0 (928.0 and 995.1 kg/fed.) and SI2x H0xTF (1207.0 and 1206.7 kg/fed)”
Claim · model-written summary
Using hydrogel and slow release fertilizers with 60% supplemental irrigation (SI1) can save about 40% of added water.
- Treatment
- hydrogel and slow release fertilizers with SI1e0
- Outcome
- added watere0
- Direction
- reservee0
- Value
- about 40%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“it can reserve about 40% of added water by using hydrogel and slow release fertilizers with SI1”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend integrating supplemental irrigation, hydrogel and slow-release fertilizers to address the challenges of wheat production under dryland conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- integration between supplemental irrigation, hydrogel, and slow-release fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It can address the challenges of wheat production under dryland conditions by the integration between supplemental irrigation, hydrogel, and slow-release fertilizers”
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