Abstract
The experiment was conducted under Long–Term Fertilizer Experiment (LTFE) to evaluate the impact of farm-yard manure, fertilizer and lime application on yield trends and soil organic carbon pools and their inter–relationship with sustainable yield index (SYI) in soybean (Glysine max L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system at BAU, Ranchi. The treatments were control, 100%N, 100%NP, 100%NPK, 100% NPK+FYM, 100%NPK+ lime, and 150%NPK. The result indicated that continuous application of 100%NPK along with FYM recorded increasing yield of soybean (0.12 q/ha/yr) and wheat (0.42 q/ha/yr) while imbalanced use of fertilizers viz. 100%N, 100%NP showed decline in yield trend. The application of 100%NPK+ FYM recorded highest value of SYI for soybean (0.61) and wheat (0.42), respectively followed by 100%NPK along with lime. However, the value of SYI was least due to the application of N alone. Continuous organic manure application along with inorganic fertilizer significantly influenced the total organic carbon, CO2 evolution, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (SMBC and SMBN), water soluble carbon (WSC), water soluble carbohydrates (WSCh). The relationships between sustainable yield index (SYI) and soil quality parameters indicated that the total and active fractions of SOC ultimately support the productivity and in contrast their losses reduce the nutrient supplying capacity of soil. Thus, continuous application of 100%NPK along with lime, and FYM are beneficial for restoration of SOC, maintaining soil fertility and yield sustainability of soybean – wheat cropping system in Alfisol.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
NPK with FYM increased soybean yield over time.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- 100%NPK along with FYMe0
- Outcome
- yield of soybeane0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 0.12 q/ha/yre0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“continuous application of 100%NPK along with FYM recorded increasing yield of soybean (0.12 q/ha/yr)”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK with FYM increased wheat yield over time.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- 100%NPK along with FYMe0
- Outcome
- wheate0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 0.42 q/ha/yre0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100%NPK along with FYM recorded increasing yield of soybean (0.12 q/ha/yr) and wheat (0.42 q/ha/yr)”
Claim · model-written summary
N alone showed declining yield trend.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 100%Ne0
- Outcome
- yield trende0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100%N, 100%NP showed decline in yield trend”
t0“soybean (Glysine max)–wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
NP showed declining yield trend.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 100%NPe0
- Outcome
- yield trende0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100%N, 100%NP showed decline in yield trend”
t0“soybean (Glysine max)–wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK with FYM produced the highest soybean sustainable yield index.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 100%NPK+ FYMe0
- Outcome
- SYI for soybeane0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.61e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100%NPK+ FYM recorded highest value of SYI for soybean (0.61)”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK with FYM produced the highest wheat sustainable yield index.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100%NPK+ FYM recorded highest value of SYI for soybean (0.61) and wheat (0.42)”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK with lime ranked after NPK with FYM for sustainable yield index.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 100%NPK along with limee0
- Outcome
- followed bye0
- Direction
- followed bye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by 100%NPK along with lime”
t0“soybean (Glysine max)–wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
N alone gave the lowest sustainable yield index.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- application of N alonee0
- Outcome
- SYIe0
- Direction
- leaste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“value of SYI was least due to the application of N alone”
t0“soybean (Glysine max)–wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure with inorganic fertilizer significantly affected soil carbon and microbial measures.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- organic manure application along with inorganic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- total organic carbon, CO2 evolution, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogene0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Continuous organic manure application along with inorganic fertilizer significantly influenced the total organic carbon, CO2 evolution, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (SMBC and SMBN), water soluble carbon (WSC), water soluble carbohydrates (WSCh)”
t0“soybean (Glysine max)–wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total and active soil organic carbon fractions supported productivity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- productivitye0
- Direction
- supporte0
- Qualifier
- total and active fractions of SOCe0
- Setting
- soybeant0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total and active fractions of SOC ultimately support the productivity”
t0“soybean (Glysine max)–wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Losses of soil organic carbon fractions reduced soil nutrient supply.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- nutrient supplying capacity of soile0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Setting
- soybeant0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their losses reduce the nutrient supplying capacity of soil”
t0“soybean (Glysine max)–wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that NPK with lime and FYM benefit soil carbon, fertility and yield sustainability.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 100%NPK along with lime, and FYMe0
- Outcome
- restoration of SOC, maintaining soil fertility and yield sustainabilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“continuous application of 100%NPK along with lime, and FYM are beneficial for restoration of SOC, maintaining soil fertility and yield sustainability of soybean – wheat cropping system”
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