Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is one of the major factors causing substantial loss to chickpea production. Zinc can be applied by several means including seed priming. Before field application, optimization of Zn seed primingis requiredas both toxicity and deficiency of Zn badly impacts chickpea growth and productivity. Therefore, this study was conducted to optimize the Zn concentration forseed priming in both desi and kabuli chickpea. For this, four independent experiments were performed both in petri plates and sand filled small pots. In petri plates, seeds were sown between the layers of moist filter papers, while in sand filled pots, seeds were sown in small sand filled (500 g) pots. In the first two experiments, Zn was applied using different seed priming concentrations viz.,0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 M Zn and no Zn was taken as control. At all these Zn seed priming concentrations,there was no germination/emergence owing to Zn toxicity (data not given),In third and fourth experiments, based on above results, the Zn concentrationswere reduced to 0.01, 0.001and 0.0001 MZn solutions,taking non-primed seeds as control. The mean germination/emergence time and seedling growth of both chickpea typeswereimproved with Zn seed priming in 0.001 and 0.0001 M Zn solution except 0.01 M Zn that caused toxicity.In both experiments, seed priming with 0.001 M Zn decreased mean germination/emergencetime, improvedthe seedling root(47.8 and 30.4%)and shoot length (27.1 and 10.9%),number of secondary roots(80.0 and 28.6%),seedling dry weight (25.5 and 42.5%) and seedling Zn concentration(30.3 and 47.2%),respectively in petri plates and sand filled pots in both chickpea types. In conclusion, seed priming >= 0.01 AI Zn proved toxic. Chickpea seed may be primed with 0.001 MZn to improvethe seedling germination/emergence and early seedling growth.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with 0.001 M Zn decreased the mean germination/emergence time of chickpea compared with non-primed seeds.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- seed priming with 0.001 M Zne2
- Outcome
- mean germination/emergencetimee2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- non-primed seedse1
- Setting
- petri plates and sand filled potse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“early seedling growth of chickpea”
e1“taking non-primed seeds as control”
e2“seed priming with 0.001 M Zn decreased mean germination/emergencetime, improvedthe seedling root(47.8 and 30.4%)and shoot length (27.1 and 10.9%),number of secondary roots(80.0 and 28.6%),seedling dry weight (25.5 and 42.5%) and seedling Zn concentration(30.3 and 47.2%),respectively in petri plates and sand filled pots”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with 0.001 M Zn improved the seedling root of chickpea by 47.8% and 30.4% in petri plates and sand-filled pots.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- seed priming with 0.001 M Zne2
- Outcome
- seedling roote2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 47.8 and 30.4%e2
- Qualifier
- respectively in petri plates and sand filled potse2
- Comparator
- non-primed seedse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“early seedling growth of chickpea”
e1“taking non-primed seeds as control”
e2“seed priming with 0.001 M Zn decreased mean germination/emergencetime, improvedthe seedling root(47.8 and 30.4%)and shoot length (27.1 and 10.9%),number of secondary roots(80.0 and 28.6%),seedling dry weight (25.5 and 42.5%) and seedling Zn concentration(30.3 and 47.2%),respectively in petri plates and sand filled pots”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with 0.001 M Zn improved the shoot length of chickpea by 27.1% and 10.9% in petri plates and sand-filled pots.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- seed priming with 0.001 M Zne2
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 27.1 and 10.9%e2
- Qualifier
- respectively in petri plates and sand filled potse2
- Comparator
- non-primed seedse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“early seedling growth of chickpea”
e1“taking non-primed seeds as control”
e2“seed priming with 0.001 M Zn decreased mean germination/emergencetime, improvedthe seedling root(47.8 and 30.4%)and shoot length (27.1 and 10.9%),number of secondary roots(80.0 and 28.6%),seedling dry weight (25.5 and 42.5%) and seedling Zn concentration(30.3 and 47.2%),respectively in petri plates and sand filled pots”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with 0.001 M Zn improved the number of secondary roots of chickpea by 80.0% and 28.6% in petri plates and sand-filled pots.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- seed priming with 0.001 M Zne2
- Outcome
- number of secondary rootse2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 80.0 and 28.6%e2
- Qualifier
- respectively in petri plates and sand filled potse2
- Comparator
- non-primed seedse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“early seedling growth of chickpea”
e1“taking non-primed seeds as control”
e2“seed priming with 0.001 M Zn decreased mean germination/emergencetime, improvedthe seedling root(47.8 and 30.4%)and shoot length (27.1 and 10.9%),number of secondary roots(80.0 and 28.6%),seedling dry weight (25.5 and 42.5%) and seedling Zn concentration(30.3 and 47.2%),respectively in petri plates and sand filled pots”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with 0.001 M Zn improved the seedling dry weight of chickpea by 25.5% and 42.5% in petri plates and sand-filled pots.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- seed priming with 0.001 M Zne2
- Outcome
- seedling dry weighte2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 25.5 and 42.5%e2
- Qualifier
- respectively in petri plates and sand filled potse2
- Comparator
- non-primed seedse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“early seedling growth of chickpea”
e1“taking non-primed seeds as control”
e2“seed priming with 0.001 M Zn decreased mean germination/emergencetime, improvedthe seedling root(47.8 and 30.4%)and shoot length (27.1 and 10.9%),number of secondary roots(80.0 and 28.6%),seedling dry weight (25.5 and 42.5%) and seedling Zn concentration(30.3 and 47.2%),respectively in petri plates and sand filled pots”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with 0.001 M Zn improved the seedling Zn concentration of chickpea by 30.3% and 47.2% in petri plates and sand-filled pots.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- seed priming with 0.001 M Zne2
- Outcome
- seedling Zn concentratione2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 30.3 and 47.2%e2
- Qualifier
- respectively in petri plates and sand filled potse2
- Comparator
- non-primed seedse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“early seedling growth of chickpea”
e1“taking non-primed seeds as control”
e2“seed priming with 0.001 M Zn decreased mean germination/emergencetime, improvedthe seedling root(47.8 and 30.4%)and shoot length (27.1 and 10.9%),number of secondary roots(80.0 and 28.6%),seedling dry weight (25.5 and 42.5%) and seedling Zn concentration(30.3 and 47.2%),respectively in petri plates and sand filled pots”
Claim · model-written summary
At all Zn seed priming concentrations tested in the first experiments, chickpea did not germinate or emerge because of Zn toxicity.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Zn seed priming concentrationse3
- Outcome
- germination/emergencee3
- Qualifier
- owing to Zn toxicitye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“early seedling growth of chickpea”
e3“At all these Zn seed priming concentrations,there was no germination/emergence owing to Zn toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with 0.01 M Zn or higher proved toxic to chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- seed priming >= 0.01 AI Zne4
- Outcome
- proved toxice4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“early seedling growth of chickpea”
e4“seed priming >= 0.01 AI Zn proved toxic”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with 0.001 M Zn in the first experiments was recommended to improve seedling germination/emergence and early seedling growth of chickpea.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinume6
- Treatment
- primed with 0.001 MZne6
- Outcome
- seedling germination/emergence and early seedling growthe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“early seedling growth of chickpea”
e6“Chickpea seed may be primed with 0.001 MZn to improvethe seedling germination/emergence and early seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn seed priming at 0.001 and 0.0001 M improved the mean germination/emergence time and seedling growth of both chickpea types, while 0.01 M Zn caused toxicity.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume5
- Treatment
- Zn seed priming in 0.001 and 0.0001 M Zn solutione5
- Outcome
- mean germination/emergence time and seedling growthe5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Comparator
- non-primed seedse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The mean germination/emergence time and seedling growth of both chickpea typeswereimproved with Zn seed priming in 0.001 and 0.0001 M Zn solution except 0.01 M Zn that caused toxicity”
e1“taking non-primed seeds as control”
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