Abstract
Coincidence of high temperature with terminal reproductive pheno-stages of cotton is chief constraint to achieve yield potential. This high temperature interfere plant defensive system, physiological process, water relations and lint yield production. In this study, we modulated the detrimental outcomes of heat stress on cotton through the foliar spray of nutrients. Cotton crop was exposed to sub-optimal and supra-optimal thermal regimes for a period of one week at squaring, flowering and boll formation stages under glass house and field conditions. Foliar spray of potassium (K-1.5%), zinc (Zn-0.2%) and boron (B-0.1%) were applied at three reproductive stages one day prior to expose high temperature regimes. High temperature increased lipid membrane damage through increased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in cotton leaves. High temperature stress also reduced leaf chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water potential, averaged boll weight (g) and seed cotton yield per plant. Various nutrients variably influenced growth and physiology of heat-stressed cotton plants. Zinc outclassed all other nutrients in increasing leaf SOD, CAT, POX, AsA, TPC activity, chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water potential, boll weight and seed cotton yield per plant. For example, zinc improved seed cotton yield under supra-optimal thermal regime by 17% and under sub-optimal thermal regime by 12% of glasshouse study while 19% under high temperature sowing dates of field study than the water treated plants under the same temperatures. Conclusively, increasing intensities of temperature adversely affected the recorded responses of cotton and exogenous application of Zn efficaciously alleviated heat induced perturbations. Moreover, exogenous nutrients mediated upregulations in physiochemical attributes induced heat tolerance at morphological level.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature increased malondialdehyde content in cotton leaves.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- High temperaturee0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature increased lipid membrane damage through increased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in cotton leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature increased lipid membrane damage in cotton leaves.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- High temperaturee0
- Outcome
- lipid membrane damagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature increased lipid membrane damage through increased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in cotton leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress reduced leaf chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- High temperature stresse0
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature stress also reduced leaf chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water potential, averaged boll weight (g) and seed cotton yield per plant”
e1“cotton leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress reduced cotton water potential.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- High temperature stresse0
- Outcome
- water potentiale0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature stress also reduced leaf chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water potential, averaged boll weight (g) and seed cotton yield per plant”
e1“cotton leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress reduced average boll weight.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- High temperature stresse0
- Outcome
- averaged boll weight (g)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature stress also reduced leaf chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water potential, averaged boll weight (g) and seed cotton yield per plant”
e1“cotton leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress reduced seed cotton yield per plant.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- High temperature stresse0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yield per plante0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature stress also reduced leaf chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water potential, averaged boll weight (g) and seed cotton yield per plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc outperformed other nutrients in raising leaf SOD, CAT and POX activity.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Zince0
- Outcome
- leaf SOD, CAT, POXe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- all other nutrientse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc outclassed all other nutrients in increasing leaf SOD, CAT, POX, AsA, TPC activity, chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water potential, boll weight and seed cotton yield per plant”
e1“cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc outperformed other nutrients in raising leaf AsA and TPC activity.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Zince0
- Outcome
- AsA, TPC activitye0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- all other nutrientse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc outclassed all other nutrients in increasing leaf SOD, CAT, POX, AsA, TPC activity, chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water potential, boll weight and seed cotton yield per plant”
e1“cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc outperformed other nutrients in raising chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Zince0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- all other nutrientse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc outclassed all other nutrients in increasing leaf SOD, CAT, POX, AsA, TPC activity, chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water potential, boll weight and seed cotton yield per plant”
e1“cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc outperformed other nutrients in raising water potential.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Zince0
- Outcome
- water potentiale0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- all other nutrientse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc outclassed all other nutrients in increasing leaf SOD, CAT, POX, AsA, TPC activity, chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water potential, boll weight and seed cotton yield per plant”
e1“cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc outperformed other nutrients in raising boll weight.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Zince0
- Outcome
- boll weighte0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- all other nutrientse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc outclassed all other nutrients in increasing leaf SOD, CAT, POX, AsA, TPC activity, chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water potential, boll weight and seed cotton yield per plant”
e1“cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc outperformed other nutrients in raising seed cotton yield per plant.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Zince0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yield per plante0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- all other nutrientse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc outclassed all other nutrients in increasing leaf SOD, CAT, POX, AsA, TPC activity, chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water potential, boll weight and seed cotton yield per plant”
e1“cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc improved glasshouse seed cotton yield by 17% under supra-optimal heat versus water treatment.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- zince0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 17%e0
- Qualifier
- supra-optimal thermal regimee0
- Comparator
- water treated plantse0
- Setting
- glasshousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“zinc improved seed cotton yield under supra-optimal thermal regime by 17% and under sub-optimal thermal regime by 12% of glasshouse study while 19% under high temperature sowing dates of field study than the water treated plants under the same temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc improved glasshouse seed cotton yield by 12% under sub-optimal heat versus water treatment.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- zince0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 12%e0
- Qualifier
- sub-optimal thermal regimee0
- Comparator
- water treated plantse0
- Setting
- glasshousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“zinc improved seed cotton yield under supra-optimal thermal regime by 17% and under sub-optimal thermal regime by 12% of glasshouse study while 19% under high temperature sowing dates of field study than the water treated plants under the same temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc improved field seed cotton yield by 19% under high-temperature sowing dates versus water treatment.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- zince0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 19%e0
- Qualifier
- high temperature sowing datese0
- Comparator
- water treated plantse0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“zinc improved seed cotton yield under supra-optimal thermal regime by 17% and under sub-optimal thermal regime by 12% of glasshouse study while 19% under high temperature sowing dates of field study than the water treated plants under the same temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing temperature intensity adversely affected measured cotton responses.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- recorded responses of cottone0
- Direction
- adversely affectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing intensities of temperature adversely affected the recorded responses of cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret nutrient-mediated physicochemical upregulation as inducing morphological heat tolerance.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- exogenous nutrientse0
- Outcome
- heat tolerance at morphological levele0
- Qualifier
- upregulations in physiochemical attributese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous nutrients mediated upregulations in physiochemical attributes induced heat tolerance at morphological level”
e1“cotton plants”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 30 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.