Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at El- Areish Agricultural Research Station, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt, during 2010 and 2011 summer seasons to study the effect of available soil moisture depletion levels and foliar spray with some organic acids on grain yield, yield components, nutrient contents in grains and some crop-water relations for drip – irrigated maize (SC-10 Hybrid) .Three irrigation regimes i.e. irrigation at 75, 60 and 45% of available soil moisture depletion(ASMD) as interacted with citric, salicylic and ascorbic acids besides the control, applied as foliar spray, at 35 and 50 days after sowing in the concentration of 1g/L. The adopted treatments were assessed in split plot design with four replicates. The main obtained results were as follows:- The maize grain yield significantly affected due to the adopted irrigation treatments in both seasons and irrigation at 45% ASMD regime resulted in higher grain yield and yield components values. On the contrary, the lowest values were obtained from irrigation at 75% ASMD regime. Foliar spray with the tested organic acids significantly affected grain yield and most yield components in the two seasons of study and higher values were resulted from foliar - sprayed ascorbic acid. Interaction of the adopted treatments significantly did not influence grain yield and yield components attributes in the two seasons of study. The tested irrigation treatments insignificantly affected N, P, and K grains contents, however, higher values were noticed due to irrigation at 45% ASMD regime. Foliar spray with ascorbic acid resulted in the highest grains N and P figures. In addition, interaction of the adopted treatments insignificantly altered grains N, P and K contents, however, higher values of grains N and P contents were noticed due to interaction of irrigation at 45% ASMD and foliar spray of ascorbic acid. 5- Seasonal evapotranspiration (ETc) values as a function of assessed treatments were 54.82 and 55.45 cm in 2010 and 2011 seasons, respectively. Irrigation at 45% ASMD resulted in the highest ETc values, while, the lowest ones were obtained due to irrigation at 75% ASMD regime. Foliar spray with the tested organic acids slightly reduced ETc values, comparable with the control. Interaction of irrigation at 45% ASMD and no-foliar spray with organic acids (control) gave the highest ETc values which comprised 55.38 and 56.06 cm in 2010 and 2011 seasons, whereas the lowest ones were detected from irrigation at 75% ASMD and foliar application of ascorbic acid in 2010 season and with irrigation at 75% ASMD and foliar spray with citric acid in 2011 season (35.55 and 37.17cm, respectively). 6- The calculated crop coefficients were 0.22, 0.43, 1.14, 1.02 and 0.34 for May, June, July, August and September (Mean of two seasons). 7- The highest water use efficiency values resulted from irrigating maize at 75% ASMD which reached 1.57 and 1.37 kg grains m-3 water consumed, while irrigation at 45% ASMD gave the lowest values which comprised 1.44 and 1.31 grains m-3 water consumed in the two seasons, respectively. The tested organic acids resulted in higher WUE values, comparable with the control, and ascorbic acid gave the highest values which comprised 1.90 and 1.67 kg grains m-3 water consumed in the two seasons, respectively. Higher WUE could be achieved due to irrigating maize plants at 75% ASMD as interacted with foliar spray of ascorbic acid . Under the trial conditions and on achieving higher water productivity and reasonable maize grain yield as well, its advisable to irrigate maize crop at 60% ASMD regime with foliar spray of citric, salicylic or ascorbic acids.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 45% ASMD gave higher grain yield and yield components than other irrigation regimes.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation at 45% ASMD regime resulted in higher grain yield and yield components values”
e1“grain yield significantly affected due to the adopted irrigation treatments”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 75% ASMD gave the lowest grain yield and yield components.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest values were obtained from irrigation at 75% ASMD regime.”
e1“grain yield and yield components values”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar organic acids significantly affected grain yield and most yield components.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray with the tested organic acids significantly affected grain yield and most yield components”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid foliar spray gave higher yield and component values.
- Treatment
- foliar - sprayed ascorbic acide0
- Outcome
- grain yield and most yield componentse1
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher values were resulted from foliar - sprayed ascorbic acid”
e1“grain yield and most yield components”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation by foliar-acid interaction did not significantly influence yield and yield components.
- Treatment
- Interaction of the adopted treatmentse0
- Outcome
- grain yield and yield components attributese0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interaction of the adopted treatments significantly did not influence grain yield and yield components attributes”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation treatments did not significantly affect grain N, P and K contents.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tested irrigation treatments insignificantly affected N, P, and K grains contents”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 45% ASMD had higher grain N, P and K contents.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher values were noticed due to irrigation at 45% ASMD regime.”
e1“N, P, and K grains contents”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid spray produced the highest grain N and P figures.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray with ascorbic acid resulted in the highest grains N and P figures.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment interaction did not significantly alter grain N, P and K contents.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“interaction of the adopted treatments insignificantly altered grains N, P and K contents”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
The 45% ASMD and ascorbic acid combination gave higher grain N and P contents.
- Treatment
- interaction of irrigation at 45% ASMD and foliar spray of ascorbic acide0
- Outcome
- grains N and P contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher values of grains N and P contents were noticed due to interaction of irrigation at 45% ASMD and foliar spray of ascorbic acid”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Seasonal ETc was 54.82 cm in 2010.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seasonal evapotranspiration (ETc) values as a function of assessed treatments were 54.82 and 55.45 cm in 2010 and 2011 seasons, respectively.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Seasonal ETc was 55.45 cm in 2011.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seasonal evapotranspiration (ETc) values as a function of assessed treatments were 54.82 and 55.45 cm in 2010 and 2011 seasons, respectively.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
The 45% ASMD regime gave highest ETc and 75% ASMD gave lowest ETc.
- Treatment
- Irrigation at 45% ASMDe0
- Outcome
- ETc valuese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- irrigation at 75% ASMDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation at 45% ASMD resulted in the highest ETc values, while, the lowest ones were obtained due to irrigation at 75% ASMD regime.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar organic acids slightly reduced ETc versus control.
- Treatment
- Foliar spray with the tested organic acidse0
- Outcome
- ETc valuese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray with the tested organic acids slightly reduced ETc values, comparable with the control.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
The 45% ASMD with no foliar acid gave the highest ETc, 55.38 cm in 2010 and 56.06 cm in 2011.
- Treatment
- irrigation at 45% ASMD and no-foliar spray with organic acidse0
- Outcome
- ETc valuese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 55.38 and 56.06 cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interaction of irrigation at 45% ASMD and no-foliar spray with organic acids (control) gave the highest ETc values which comprised 55.38 and 56.06 cm in 2010 and 2011 seasons”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
The 75% ASMD with ascorbic acid in 2010 and citric acid in 2011 gave lowest ETc of 35.55 and 37.17cm, respectively.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest ones were detected from irrigation at 75% ASMD and foliar application of ascorbic acid in 2010 season and with irrigation at 75% ASMD and foliar spray with citric acid in 2011 season (35.55 and 37.17cm, respectively).”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop coefficients were 0.22, 0.43, 1.14, 1.02 and 0.34 from May to September.
- Outcome
- crop coefficientse0
- Value
- 0.22, 0.43, 1.14, 1.02 and 0.34e0
- Qualifier
- May, June, July, August and Septembere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The calculated crop coefficients were 0.22, 0.43, 1.14, 1.02 and 0.34 for May, June, July, August and September”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
At 75% ASMD, water use efficiency was highest at 1.57 and 1.37 kg grains m-3 water consumed across two seasons.
- Treatment
- irrigating maize at 75% ASMDe0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.57 and 1.37 kg grains m-3 water consumede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest water use efficiency values resulted from irrigating maize at 75% ASMD which reached 1.57 and 1.37 kg grains m-3 water consumed”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
At 45% ASMD, water use efficiency was lowest at 1.44 and 1.31 grains m-3 water consumed.
- Treatment
- irrigation at 45% ASMDe0
- Outcome
- water use efficiency valuese1
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 1.44 and 1.31 grains m-3 water consumede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation at 45% ASMD gave the lowest values which comprised 1.44 and 1.31 grains m-3 water consumed”
e1“water use efficiency values”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid gave highest water use efficiency, 1.90 and 1.67 kg grains m-3 water consumed, among the tested organic acids.
- Treatment
- ascorbic acide0
- Outcome
- WUE valuese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.90 and 1.67 kg grains m-3 water consumede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tested organic acids resulted in higher WUE values, comparable with the control, and ascorbic acid gave the highest values which comprised 1.90 and 1.67 kg grains m-3 water consumed”
t0“MAIZE”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.