Effect of Time and Concentration of Nitrogen Fertilizer Foliar Spraying as Complementary of Soil Nutrition on Dry Matter Remobilization and Seed and Oil Yield of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Abstract

In order to evaluate the effect of concentration and time of foliar spraying of nitrogen fertilizer as complementary of soil nutrition on dry matter remobilization and seed and oil yield of rapeseed (Hyola401), an experiment was conducted in complete randomized block design with 16 treatments and three replications in two years (2008-2010) in Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht). In this experiment, nitrogen concentration (from urea source) at two levels (5 and 10 ppm) and application time in seven levels including 1-seedling stage at 6-8 leaves 2: beginning of stem elongation, 3: prior to flowering, 4: 6-8 leaves + stem elongation, 5: 6-8 leaves + prior to flowering, 6: stem elongation+ prior to flowering, 7: 6-8 leaves + stem elongation+ prior to flowering plus two control treatments including zero nitrogen fertilizer and conventional fertilization (180 kg.ha-1) at seed sowing, stem elongation and prior to flowering in equal rates, were considered. Results showed that foliar application of nitrogen (10 ppm) in 6-8 leaves+stem elongation+prior to flowering stage had the highest dry matter remobilization (612.2 g.m-2), current rate of photosynthesis (3074 g.m-2), and grain yield (3686.2 kg.ha-1). Calculation of regression coefficients showed that dry matter remobilization had linear and positive relationship with grain yield (r2=0.95**). According to the results of the present experiment, it seems that foliar application of nitrogen (10 ppm) at 6-8 leaves + stem elongation+ prior to flowering stage and stem elongation+ prior to flowering stage increases dry matter remobilization, seed and oil yields.

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Claims 5

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar nitrogen (10 ppm) at 6-8 leaves + stem elongation + prior to flowering gave the highest dry matter remobilization.

Taxon: rapeseede2
Material: Hyola401e2
Treatment: foliar application of nitrogen (10 ppm) in 6-8 leaves+stem elongation+prior to flowering stagee3
Outcome: dry matter remobilizatione3
Direction: higheste3
Value: 612.2 g.m-2e3
Setting: Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht)e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e2
“seed and oil yield of rapeseed (Hyola401)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 168–209 · show in text ↑

e3
“foliar application of nitrogen (10 ppm) in 6-8 leaves+stem elongation+prior to flowering stage had the highest dry matter remobilization (612.2 g.m-2), current rate of photosynthesis (3074 g.m-2), and grain yield (3686.2 kg.ha-1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 988–1217 · show in text ↑

e1
“an experiment was conducted in complete randomized block design with 16 treatments and three replications in two years (2008-2010) in Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 211–384 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar nitrogen (10 ppm) at 6-8 leaves + stem elongation + prior to flowering gave the highest current rate of photosynthesis.

Taxon: rapeseede2
Material: Hyola401e2
Treatment: foliar application of nitrogen (10 ppm) in 6-8 leaves+stem elongation+prior to flowering stagee3
Outcome: current rate of photosynthesise3
Direction: higheste3
Value: 3074 g.m-2e3
Setting: Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht)e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e2
“seed and oil yield of rapeseed (Hyola401)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 168–209 · show in text ↑

e3
“foliar application of nitrogen (10 ppm) in 6-8 leaves+stem elongation+prior to flowering stage had the highest dry matter remobilization (612.2 g.m-2), current rate of photosynthesis (3074 g.m-2), and grain yield (3686.2 kg.ha-1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 988–1217 · show in text ↑

e1
“an experiment was conducted in complete randomized block design with 16 treatments and three replications in two years (2008-2010) in Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 211–384 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar nitrogen (10 ppm) at 6-8 leaves + stem elongation + prior to flowering gave the highest grain yield.

Taxon: rapeseede2
Material: Hyola401e2
Treatment: foliar application of nitrogen (10 ppm) in 6-8 leaves+stem elongation+prior to flowering stagee3
Outcome: grain yielde3
Direction: higheste3
Value: 3686.2 kg.ha-1e3
Setting: Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht)e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e2
“seed and oil yield of rapeseed (Hyola401)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 168–209 · show in text ↑

e3
“foliar application of nitrogen (10 ppm) in 6-8 leaves+stem elongation+prior to flowering stage had the highest dry matter remobilization (612.2 g.m-2), current rate of photosynthesis (3074 g.m-2), and grain yield (3686.2 kg.ha-1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 988–1217 · show in text ↑

e1
“an experiment was conducted in complete randomized block design with 16 treatments and three replications in two years (2008-2010) in Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 211–384 · show in text ↑

Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Dry matter remobilization has a linear and positive relationship with grain yield.

Taxon: rapeseede2
Material: Hyola401e2
Outcome: dry matter remobilizatione4
Direction: positivee4
Value: r2=0.95e4
Qualifier: with grain yielde4
Setting: Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht)e1

Verbatim

e4
“Calculation of regression coefficients showed that dry matter remobilization had linear and positive relationship with grain yield (r2=0.95**)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1219–1361 · show in text ↑

e2
“seed and oil yield of rapeseed (Hyola401)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 168–209 · show in text ↑

e1
“an experiment was conducted in complete randomized block design with 16 treatments and three replications in two years (2008-2010) in Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 211–384 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar nitrogen (10 ppm) at 6-8 leaves + stem elongation + prior to flowering, and at stem elongation + prior to flowering, is suggested to increase dry matter remobilization, seed and oil yields.

Taxon: rapeseede2
Material: Hyola401e2
Treatment: foliar application of nitrogen (10 ppm) at 6-8 leaves + stem elongation+ prior to flowering stagee5
Outcome: dry matter remobilization, seed and oil yieldse5
Direction: increasese5
Setting: Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht)e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e5
“it seems that foliar application of nitrogen (10 ppm) at 6-8 leaves + stem elongation+ prior to flowering stage and stem elongation+ prior to flowering stage increases dry matter remobilization, seed and oil yields”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1415–1629 · show in text ↑

e2
“seed and oil yield of rapeseed (Hyola401)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 168–209 · show in text ↑

e1
“an experiment was conducted in complete randomized block design with 16 treatments and three replications in two years (2008-2010) in Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 211–384 · show in text ↑

stage · physiology: photosynthesis · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

3 papers: 2 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

negative
Shading at the flowering stage significantly inhibited leaf area index, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency in both rapeseed genotypes compared with the CK treatment.
Low Light at Specific Growth Stage Affects Photoassimilates Transportation, Seed Quality and Yield in Brassica napus L. · 2024 · compared with CK
Opposite direction
positive
Sulfur applied in three split doses during growth stages caused the maximum increase in biomass accumulation, leaf-area index and leaf photosynthetic rate, followed by T2 and T1.
Effect of Timing of Sulfur Fertilizer Application on Growth and Yield of Rapeseed · 2005 · compared with T2 and T1
Same direction

See all 3 papers →

stage · growth · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

10 papers: 7 positive, 3 negative or no effect

6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

negative
Shading at both growth stages reduced dry matter of both rapeseed varieties.
Effect of intermittent shade on nitrogen dynamics assessed by 15N trace isotopes, enzymatic activity and yield of Brassica napus L. · 2022
Opposite direction
negative
Vegetative-stage cover crop extracts inhibited oilseed rape seedling root growth by over 80%.
Allelopathic Effects of Crimson Clover, Hariy Vetch and Rye on Germination and Radicle Elongation of Several Crops · 2010
Opposite direction
negative
PGR decreased spring canola height.
The effects of plant growth regulators on growth, grain yield, HI and quality in Tasmania · 2011
Opposite direction

6 papers more in this group

See all 10 papers →

nitrogen · physiology: photosynthesis · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

19 papers: 13 positive, 6 negative or no effect

12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction

negative
Lower nitrogen mainly reduced PAR interception.
The Effects of Drought and Nitrogen on Light Interception, Growth and Yield of Winter Oilseed Rape · 1996
Opposite direction
negative
Under drought, nitrogen decreased photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance in canola.
Photosynthesis and Growth of Camelina and Canola in Response to Water Deficit and Applied Nitrogen · 2017
Opposite direction
no effect
Increased nitrogen supply had little influence on the photosynthetic capacity of winter rape.
Seasonal Changes in the Photosynthetic Capacity of Winter Rape Plants under Different Nitrogen Regimes Measured in the Field · 1998
Opposite direction

15 papers more in this group

See all 19 papers →

stage · yield · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

43 papers: 24 positive, 19 negative or no effect

23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Yield reduction was greater when stress occurred at flowering.
Physiological and agronomic response of canola varieties to drought stress. · 2011
Opposite direction
negative
Topdressing S at bolting and flowering tended to give less canola seed yield than foliar-applied S in few cases.
Effectiveness of sulphate-S fertilization at different growth stages for yield, seed quality and S uptake of canola · 2002 · compared with foliar-applied S
Opposite direction
negative
Interrupting irrigation at flowering significantly decreased canola growth, yield and yield components compared with full irrigation after 60 mm evaporation.
Yield and yield components of six canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars affected by planting date and water deficit stress · 2011 · compared with irrigation after 60 mm evaporation from Class A evaporation pan
Opposite direction

39 papers more in this group

See all 43 papers →

application · growth · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

47 papers: 38 positive, 9 negative or no effect

37 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Seedlings from seawater-immersed maternal plants had reduced growth.
Simulated seawater flooding reduces oilseed rape growth, yield and progeny performance · 2019
Opposite direction
no effect
Direct immersion in liquid nitrogen left germination of air-dried B. napus seeds without a significant difference from non-cooled controls.
Cryopreservation of lipid-rich seeds: effect of moisture content and cooling rate on germination. · 2002 · compared with control seeds (air-dried, non-cooled)
Opposite direction
negative
Foliar herbicide application decreased winter oilseed rape rosette dry matter content by approximately 18%.
The Effects of Agronomic Management in Different Tillage Systems on the Fall Growth of Winter Oilseed Rape · 2023
Opposite direction

43 papers more in this group

See all 47 papers →

nitrogen · growth · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

82 papers: 65 positive, 17 negative or no effect

64 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction

negative
Nitrogen-deficient rapeseed roots became longer.
Adaption of Roots to Nitrogen Deficiency Revealed by 3D Quantification and Proteomic Analysis · 2018
Opposite directionAbout lacking this nutrient, so it counts the other way round
no effect
Reducing BCU nitrogen application by 20% had no negative effect on oilseed rape biomass.
Application of biochar-coated urea controlled loss of fertilizer nitrogen and increased nitrogen use efficiency · 2021
Opposite direction
negative
Ammonium and urea harmed oilseed rape growth in hydroponics.
Hydroponics versus field lysimeter studies of urea, ammonium and nitrate uptake by oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.) · 2012
Opposite direction

78 papers more in this group

See all 82 papers →

application · yield · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

93 papers: 85 positive, 8 negative or no effect

84 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction

negative
Foliar applications yielded 30% of in-furrow treatments during high flea beetle stress.
Potential for Insecticidal Management of Flea Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Canola · 1991 · compared with in-furrow treatments
Opposite direction
negative
Higher dose or later spraying increased root biomass allocation and resistance but lowered yield.
Effects of paclobutrazol on biomass production in relation to resistance to lodging and pod shattering in Brassica napus L. · 2017
Opposite direction
no effect
Additional foliar fertilization did not affect flower number or pollen grains per flower.
The impact of foliar fertilization on the number of bees (Apoidea) on spring oilseed rape. · 2012
Opposite direction

89 papers more in this group

See all 93 papers →

nitrogen · yield · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

239 papers: 198 positive, 41 negative or no effect

197 papers in the same direction as this paper · 34 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Nitrate restriction decreased seed yield in both genotypes.
The contrasting N management of two oilseed rape genotypes reveals the mechanisms of proteolysis associated with leaf N remobilization and the respective contributions of leaves and stems to N storage and remobilization during seed filling · 2015
Opposite direction
negative
Lower nitrogen reduced seed yield with full irrigation.
The Effects of Drought and Nitrogen on Light Interception, Growth and Yield of Winter Oilseed Rape · 1996
Opposite direction
negative
Suboptimal nitrogen reduced biomass and seed yield by 24% for Apex.
Root growth and N‐uptake activity of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars differing in nitrogen efficiency · 2005
Opposite direction

235 papers more in this group

See all 239 papers →

8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 5

The same questions in other papers

stage · physiology: photosynthesis · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

stage · growth · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

nitrogen · physiology: photosynthesis · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

stage · yield · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

application · growth · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

nitrogen · growth · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

application · yield · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

nitrogen · yield · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results