Abstract
Abstract Wheat plants growing under Mediterranean rain-fed conditions are exposed to water deficit, particularly during the grain filling period, and this can lead to a strong reduction in grain yield (GY). This study examines the effects of water deficit after during the grain filling period on photosynthetic and water-use efficiencies at the leaf and whole-plant level for 14 bread wheat genotypes grown in pots under glasshouse conditions. Two glasshouse experiments were conducted, one in a conventional glasshouse at the Universidad de Talca, Chile (Experiment 1), and another at the National Plant Phenomics Centre (NPPC), Aberystwyth, UK (Experiment 2), in 2015. Plants were grown under well-watered (WW) and water-limited (WL) conditions during grain filling. The reductions in leaf water potential (Ψ), net CO 2 assimilation (An) and stomatal conductance (gs) due to water deficit were 79, 35 and 55%, respectively, during grain filling but no significant differences were found among genotypes. However, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (as determined on dark-adapted and illuminated leaves) and chlorophyll content (Chl) were significantly different among genotypes, but not between water conditions. Under both water conditions, An presented a positive and linear relationship with the effective photochemical quantum yield of Photosystem II (Y(II)) and the maximum rate of electron transport (ETRmax), and negative with the quantum yield of non-photochemical energy conversion in Photosystem II (Y(NPQ)). The relationship between An and Chl was positive and linear for both water conditions, but under WL conditions An tended to be lower at any Chl value. Both, instantaneous (An/E) and intrinsic (An/gs) water-use efficiencies at the leaf level exhibited a positive and linear relationship with plant water-use efficiency (WUEp = plant dry weight/water use). Carbon discrimination (Δ 13 C) in kernels presented a negative relationship with WUEp, at both WW and WL conditions, and a positive relationship with GY. Our results indicate that during grain filling wheat plants face limitations to the assimilation process due to natural senesce and water stress. The reduction in An and gs after anthesis in both water conditions was mainly due a decline in the chlorophyll content (non-stomatal limitation), whereas the observed differences between water conditions were mainly due to a stomatal limitation.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit during grain filling reduced leaf water potential (Ψ) by 79% in bread wheat genotypes.
- Taxon
- bread wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- water deficite2
- Outcome
- leaf water potential (Ψ)e2
- Direction
- reductionse2
- Value
- 79e2
- Qualifier
- no significant differences were found among genotypese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This study examines the effects of water deficit after during the grain filling period on photosynthetic and water-use efficiencies at the leaf and whole-plant level for 14 bread wheat genotypes grown in pots under glasshouse conditions”
e2“The reductions in leaf water potential (Ψ), net CO 2 assimilation (An) and stomatal conductance (gs) due to water deficit were 79, 35 and 55%, respectively, during grain filling but no significant differences were found among genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit during grain filling reduced net CO2 assimilation (An) by 35% in bread wheat genotypes.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- water deficite2
- Outcome
- net CO 2 assimilation (An)e2
- Direction
- reductionse2
- Value
- 35e2
- Qualifier
- no significant differences were found among genotypese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This study examines the effects of water deficit after during the grain filling period on photosynthetic and water-use efficiencies at the leaf and whole-plant level for 14 bread wheat genotypes grown in pots under glasshouse conditions”
e2“The reductions in leaf water potential (Ψ), net CO 2 assimilation (An) and stomatal conductance (gs) due to water deficit were 79, 35 and 55%, respectively, during grain filling but no significant differences were found among genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit during grain filling reduced stomatal conductance (gs) by 55% in bread wheat genotypes.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- water deficite2
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance (gs)e2
- Direction
- reductionse2
- Value
- 55e2
- Qualifier
- no significant differences were found among genotypese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This study examines the effects of water deficit after during the grain filling period on photosynthetic and water-use efficiencies at the leaf and whole-plant level for 14 bread wheat genotypes grown in pots under glasshouse conditions”
e2“The reductions in leaf water potential (Ψ), net CO 2 assimilation (An) and stomatal conductance (gs) due to water deficit were 79, 35 and 55%, respectively, during grain filling but no significant differences were found among genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll content differed significantly among bread wheat genotypes but not between water conditions.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content (Chl)e3
- Qualifier
- significantly different among genotypes, but not between water conditionse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This study examines the effects of water deficit after during the grain filling period on photosynthetic and water-use efficiencies at the leaf and whole-plant level for 14 bread wheat genotypes grown in pots under glasshouse conditions”
e3“chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (as determined on dark-adapted and illuminated leaves) and chlorophyll content (Chl) were significantly different among genotypes, but not between water conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Net CO2 assimilation had a positive linear relationship with the effective photochemical quantum yield of Photosystem II under both water conditions.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- bread wheat genotypese1
- Outcome
- effective photochemical quantum yield of Photosystem II (Y(II))e4
- Direction
- positivee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This study examines the effects of water deficit after during the grain filling period on photosynthetic and water-use efficiencies at the leaf and whole-plant level for 14 bread wheat genotypes grown in pots under glasshouse conditions”
e4“Under both water conditions, An presented a positive and linear relationship with the effective photochemical quantum yield of Photosystem II (Y(II)) and the maximum rate of electron transport (ETRmax), and negative with the quantum yield of non-photochemical energy conversion in Photosystem II (Y(NPQ))”
Claim · model-written summary
Net CO2 assimilation had a negative relationship with the quantum yield of non-photochemical energy conversion in Photosystem II.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- bread wheat genotypese1
- Outcome
- quantum yield of non-photochemical energy conversion in Photosystem II (Y(NPQ))e4
- Direction
- negativee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This study examines the effects of water deficit after during the grain filling period on photosynthetic and water-use efficiencies at the leaf and whole-plant level for 14 bread wheat genotypes grown in pots under glasshouse conditions”
e4“Under both water conditions, An presented a positive and linear relationship with the effective photochemical quantum yield of Photosystem II (Y(II)) and the maximum rate of electron transport (ETRmax), and negative with the quantum yield of non-photochemical energy conversion in Photosystem II (Y(NPQ))”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf instantaneous and intrinsic water use efficiencies had a positive linear relationship with whole-plant water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- bread wheat genotypese1
- Outcome
- instantaneous (An/E) and intrinsic (An/gs) water-use efficienciese5
- Direction
- positivee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This study examines the effects of water deficit after during the grain filling period on photosynthetic and water-use efficiencies at the leaf and whole-plant level for 14 bread wheat genotypes grown in pots under glasshouse conditions”
e5“Both, instantaneous (An/E) and intrinsic (An/gs) water-use efficiencies at the leaf level exhibited a positive and linear relationship with plant water-use efficiency (WUEp = plant dry weight/water use)”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel carbon discrimination (Δ 13 C) had a negative relationship with whole-plant water use efficiency (WUEp).
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- bread wheat genotypese1
- Outcome
- Carbon discrimination (Δ 13 C) in kernelse6
- Direction
- negativee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This study examines the effects of water deficit after during the grain filling period on photosynthetic and water-use efficiencies at the leaf and whole-plant level for 14 bread wheat genotypes grown in pots under glasshouse conditions”
e6“Carbon discrimination (Δ 13 C) in kernels presented a negative relationship with WUEp, at both WW and WL conditions, and a positive relationship with GY”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel carbon discrimination (Δ 13 C) had a positive relationship with grain yield (GY).
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- bread wheat genotypese1
- Outcome
- Carbon discrimination (Δ 13 C) in kernelse6
- Direction
- positivee6
- Qualifier
- GYe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This study examines the effects of water deficit after during the grain filling period on photosynthetic and water-use efficiencies at the leaf and whole-plant level for 14 bread wheat genotypes grown in pots under glasshouse conditions”
e6“Carbon discrimination (Δ 13 C) in kernels presented a negative relationship with WUEp, at both WW and WL conditions, and a positive relationship with GY”
Claim · model-written summary
The reduction in An and gs after anthesis was mainly due to a decline in chlorophyll content (non-stomatal limitation) in bread wheat.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- The reduction in An and gs after anthesise7
- Qualifier
- a decline in the chlorophyll content (non-stomatal limitation)e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This study examines the effects of water deficit after during the grain filling period on photosynthetic and water-use efficiencies at the leaf and whole-plant level for 14 bread wheat genotypes grown in pots under glasshouse conditions”
e7“The reduction in An and gs after anthesis in both water conditions was mainly due a decline in the chlorophyll content (non-stomatal limitation), whereas the observed differences between water conditions were mainly due to a stomatal limitation”
Claim · model-written summary
Differences between water conditions in bread wheat were mainly due to a stomatal limitation.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- differences between water conditionse7
- Qualifier
- mainly due to a stomatal limitatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This study examines the effects of water deficit after during the grain filling period on photosynthetic and water-use efficiencies at the leaf and whole-plant level for 14 bread wheat genotypes grown in pots under glasshouse conditions”
e7“The reduction in An and gs after anthesis in both water conditions was mainly due a decline in the chlorophyll content (non-stomatal limitation), whereas the observed differences between water conditions were mainly due to a stomatal limitation”
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