Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the important environmental factors that impair the agricultural production, while the application of some amendments such as soluble calcium alleviates the adverse effect of salinity on plant growth. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the interactive effect of soil application of soluble calcium (sol. Ca) (2 or 4L/fed) and foliar application of chitosan (CHT) (0.5 or 1L/fed) on maize productivity, NPK absorption and some soil properties under salt stress (8.27 dS/m for soil and 2.9 dS/m for irrigation water). The experiment was carried out at Sakha Agric. Res. St. Lysimeter, Kafrelsheikh governorate, Egypt, during summer season (2018). The obtained results proved that these amendments individually or in combination markedly improved the growth and yield of maize (plant height, grain filling, and cobs and straw yields), enhanced N, P and K concentration (in grain and straw) and ameliorated some chemical properties of salt affected soils(ECe, SARe and ESP). It was, therefore, found that the application of higher levels of sol. Ca and CHT in combination significantly affected the plant growth and caused the highest increases in plant height (65.1%), 100- grain weight (112.2%), cobs and straw yields (168.4 and 111.6%, respectively). In addition, this combination achieved the highest NPK contents in grain (3.51, 0.33 and 1.08 %, respectively) and straw (1.73, 0.14 and 1.62 %, respectively). Also, the application of sol. Ca and CHT as well as in combination slightly decreased soil ECe, SARe and ESP values. In general, soil application of sol. Ca and foliar application of CHT ameliorated the adverse effect of salinity on maize productivity, and the combined application of them was more positive effective on plant growth under salt stress.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Individual amendments improved maize plant height and grain filling under salt stress.
- Treatment
- these amendments individuallye0
- Outcome
- plant height, grain fillinge0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- soil application of soluble calcium (sol. Ca) (2 or 4L/fed) and foliar application of chitosan (CHT) (0.5 or 1L/fed)e1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these amendments individually or in combination markedly improved the growth and yield of maize (plant height, grain filling, and cobs and straw yields)”
e1“soil application of soluble calcium (sol. Ca) (2 or 4L/fed) and foliar application of chitosan (CHT) (0.5 or 1L/fed)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendments improved maize plant height and grain filling.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these amendments individually or in combination markedly improved the growth and yield of maize (plant height, grain filling, and cobs and straw yields)”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual amendments improved maize cob and straw yields.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these amendments individually or in combination markedly improved the growth and yield of maize (plant height, grain filling, and cobs and straw yields)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendments improved maize cob and straw yields.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these amendments individually or in combination markedly improved the growth and yield of maize (plant height, grain filling, and cobs and straw yields)”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual amendments enhanced maize grain and straw N, P and K concentrations.
- Organ / stage
- grain and strawe0
- Treatment
- these amendments individuallye0
- Outcome
- N, P and K concentratione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these amendments individually or in combination markedly improved the growth and yield of maize (plant height, grain filling, and cobs and straw yields), enhanced N, P and K concentration (in grain and straw)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendments enhanced maize grain and straw N, P and K concentrations.
- Organ / stage
- grain and strawe0
- Treatment
- in combinatione0
- Outcome
- N, P and K concentratione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these amendments individually or in combination markedly improved the growth and yield of maize (plant height, grain filling, and cobs and straw yields), enhanced N, P and K concentration (in grain and straw)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher combined calcium and chitosan levels produced the highest maize height increase, 65.1%.
- Treatment
- higher levels of sol. Ca and CHT in combinatione0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- highest increasese0
- Value
- 65.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of higher levels of sol. Ca and CHT in combination significantly affected the plant growth and caused the highest increases in plant height (65.1%), 100- grain weight (112.2%), cobs and straw yields (168.4 and 111.6%, respectively).”
e1“growth and yield of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher combined calcium and chitosan levels produced the highest maize 100-grain weight increase, 112.2%.
- Treatment
- higher levels of sol. Ca and CHT in combinatione0
- Outcome
- 100- grain weighte0
- Direction
- highest increasese0
- Value
- 112.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of higher levels of sol. Ca and CHT in combination significantly affected the plant growth and caused the highest increases in plant height (65.1%), 100- grain weight (112.2%), cobs and straw yields (168.4 and 111.6%, respectively).”
e1“growth and yield of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher combined calcium and chitosan levels produced the highest maize cob yield increase, 168.4 percent.
- Treatment
- higher levels of sol. Ca and CHT in combinatione0
- Outcome
- cobse0
- Direction
- highest increasese0
- Value
- 168.4e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of higher levels of sol. Ca and CHT in combination significantly affected the plant growth and caused the highest increases in plant height (65.1%), 100- grain weight (112.2%), cobs and straw yields (168.4 and 111.6%, respectively).”
e1“growth and yield of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher combined calcium and chitosan levels produced the highest maize straw yield increase, 111.6%.
- Treatment
- higher levels of sol. Ca and CHT in combinatione0
- Outcome
- straw yieldse0
- Direction
- highest increasese0
- Value
- 111.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of higher levels of sol. Ca and CHT in combination significantly affected the plant growth and caused the highest increases in plant height (65.1%), 100- grain weight (112.2%), cobs and straw yields (168.4 and 111.6%, respectively).”
e1“growth and yield of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendments achieved the highest maize grain N content, 3.51 percent.
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- this combinatione0
- Outcome
- NPK contentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3.51e0
- Qualifier
- Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this combination achieved the highest NPK contents in grain (3.51, 0.33 and 1.08 %, respectively) and straw (1.73, 0.14 and 1.62 %, respectively).”
e1“growth and yield of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendments achieved the highest maize grain P content, 0.33 percent.
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- this combinatione0
- Outcome
- NPK contentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.33e0
- Qualifier
- Pe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this combination achieved the highest NPK contents in grain (3.51, 0.33 and 1.08 %, respectively) and straw (1.73, 0.14 and 1.62 %, respectively).”
e1“growth and yield of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendments achieved the highest maize grain K content, 1.08 percent.
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- this combinatione0
- Outcome
- NPK contentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.08 %e0
- Qualifier
- Ke0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this combination achieved the highest NPK contents in grain (3.51, 0.33 and 1.08 %, respectively) and straw (1.73, 0.14 and 1.62 %, respectively).”
e1“growth and yield of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendments achieved the highest maize straw N content, 1.73 percent.
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Treatment
- this combinatione0
- Outcome
- NPK contentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.73e0
- Qualifier
- Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this combination achieved the highest NPK contents in grain (3.51, 0.33 and 1.08 %, respectively) and straw (1.73, 0.14 and 1.62 %, respectively).”
e1“growth and yield of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendments achieved the highest maize straw P content, 0.14 percent.
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Treatment
- this combinatione0
- Outcome
- NPK contentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.14e0
- Qualifier
- Pe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this combination achieved the highest NPK contents in grain (3.51, 0.33 and 1.08 %, respectively) and straw (1.73, 0.14 and 1.62 %, respectively).”
e1“growth and yield of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendments achieved the highest maize straw K content, 1.62 percent.
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Treatment
- this combinatione0
- Outcome
- NPK contentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.62 %e0
- Qualifier
- Ke0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this combination achieved the highest NPK contents in grain (3.51, 0.33 and 1.08 %, respectively) and straw (1.73, 0.14 and 1.62 %, respectively).”
e1“growth and yield of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual calcium and chitosan applications slightly decreased soil ECe, SARe and ESP.
- Treatment
- application of sol. Ca and CHTe0
- Outcome
- soil ECe, SARe and ESP valuese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- slightlye0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the application of sol. Ca and CHT as well as in combination slightly decreased soil ECe, SARe and ESP values.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined calcium and chitosan applications slightly decreased soil ECe, SARe and ESP.
- Treatment
- in combinatione0
- Outcome
- soil ECe, SARe and ESP valuese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- slightlye0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the application of sol. Ca and CHT as well as in combination slightly decreased soil ECe, SARe and ESP values.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined application was more effective for maize growth under salt stress.
- Treatment
- combined applicatione0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- more positive effectivee0
- Qualifier
- under salt stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In general, soil application of sol. Ca and foliar application of CHT ameliorated the adverse effect of salinity on maize productivity, and the combined application of them was more positive effective on plant growth under salt stress.”
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