Abstract
Salinity is one of the key restraints to agricultural productivity worldwide and is expected to increase further. Therefore, cope with this problem we should be develop strategies to enhance salinity tolerance in different crops. One of these modern strategies is to use plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) which can help plants to withstand under harsh environmental conditions. The present study was evaluated six isolates of Azotobacter sp. (Az1-Az6) which tested in vitro for growth, PGPR traits such as indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) production and nitrogen fixation, germination indicators for different wheat cultivars i.e. Misr 1, Gemmiza 12 and Sakha 95 under different levels of NaCl. Also, the efficacy of inoculation with two superior isolates in different wheat cultivars in a Gnotobiotic Sand System and greenhouse experiment for improving growth dynamics, physiological attributes, nutrient uptake and antioxidant enzymes under different levels salinity of sandy soil (0, 4, 8 and 12 dS m-1). Out of 6 isolates, two isolates (Az2 and Az6) could show salinity tolerance and exhibited PGPR traits as well as improvement germination tests. Both the bacteria could promote growth in 3 cultivars of wheat tested in terms of increase in fresh weight, dry weight, root and shoot length as well as root colonization compared to uninoculated control under Gnotobiotic Sand System experiment. Under greenhouse experiment conditions, inoculation treatment with Az6 showed a significant increase of vegetative growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of different wheat cultivars under different salinity stress treatments. Also, Az6 treatment recorded the highest N% from wheat plants attained 2.64, 2.51 and 2.43% at 4 dS m-1 for Misr1, Sakha 95 and Gemmiza 12 cultivars, respectively but the highest K+, K+/Na+% and the lowest Na+% were obtained from plants that grown in soil salinized with 8 and 12 dS m-1. The same trend was observed for antioxidant enzymes. Thus, inoculation with Azotobacter isolates Az2 and Az6 could be efficiently used to partially or completely eliminate the effects of salt stress on growth of different wheat cultivars.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Two of six Azotobacter isolates, Az2 and Az6, showed salinity tolerance and PGPR traits.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume2 - Interactor
- Az2 and Az6e1symbiont
- Outcome
- salinity tolerance and exhibited PGPR traitse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“two isolates (Az2 and Az6) could show salinity tolerance and exhibited PGPR traits as well as improvement germination tests”
e2“germination indicators for different wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Az2 and Az6 showed improved germination tests on wheat cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Interactor
- Az2 and Az6e1symbiont
- Outcome
- germination testse1
- Direction
- improvemente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“two isolates (Az2 and Az6) could show salinity tolerance and exhibited PGPR traits as well as improvement germination tests”
e2“germination indicators for different wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with two superior isolates increased fresh weight and dry weight of three wheat cultivars relative to uninoculated controls in a Gnotobiotic Sand System.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- inoculation with two superior isolatese3
- Interactor
- Az2 and Az6e1symbiont
- Outcome
- fresh weight, dry weighte2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle2
- Setting
- Gnotobiotic Sand Systeme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“two isolates (Az2 and Az6) could show salinity tolerance and exhibited PGPR traits as well as improvement germination tests”
e2“Both the bacteria could promote growth in 3 cultivars of wheat tested in terms of increase in fresh weight, dry weight, root and shoot length as well as root colonization compared to uninoculated control under Gnotobiotic Sand System experiment”
e3“the efficacy of inoculation with two superior isolates in different wheat cultivars in a Gnotobiotic Sand System”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with two superior isolates increased root and shoot length of three wheat cultivars relative to uninoculated controls in a Gnotobiotic Sand System.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- inoculation with two superior isolatese3
- Interactor
- Az2 and Az6e1symbiont
- Outcome
- root and shoot lengthe2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle2
- Setting
- Gnotobiotic Sand Systeme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“two isolates (Az2 and Az6) could show salinity tolerance and exhibited PGPR traits as well as improvement germination tests”
e2“Both the bacteria could promote growth in 3 cultivars of wheat tested in terms of increase in fresh weight, dry weight, root and shoot length as well as root colonization compared to uninoculated control under Gnotobiotic Sand System experiment”
e3“the efficacy of inoculation with two superior isolates in different wheat cultivars in a Gnotobiotic Sand System”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with two superior isolates increased root colonization of three wheat cultivars relative to uninoculated controls in a Gnotobiotic Sand System.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- inoculation with two superior isolatese3
- Interactor
- Az2 and Az6e1symbiont
- Outcome
- root colonizatione2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle2
- Setting
- Gnotobiotic Sand Systeme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“two isolates (Az2 and Az6) could show salinity tolerance and exhibited PGPR traits as well as improvement germination tests”
e2“Both the bacteria could promote growth in 3 cultivars of wheat tested in terms of increase in fresh weight, dry weight, root and shoot length as well as root colonization compared to uninoculated control under Gnotobiotic Sand System experiment”
e3“the efficacy of inoculation with two superior isolates in different wheat cultivars in a Gnotobiotic Sand System”
Claim · model-written summary
Under greenhouse conditions, inoculation with Az6 significantly increased vegetative growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat cultivars under salinity stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- inoculation treatment with Az6e1
- Interactor
- Az6e1symbiont
- Outcome
- vegetative growth, physiological and biochemical parameterse1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Qualifier
- different salinity stress treatmentse1
- Setting
- greenhouse experiment conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under greenhouse experiment conditions, inoculation treatment with Az6 showed a significant increase of vegetative growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of different wheat cultivars under different salinity stress treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Az6 treatment gave the highest N% in wheat cultivar Misr1 at 4 dS m-1 (2.64).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Misr1e1
- Treatment
- Az6 treatmente1
- Interactor
- Az6e1symbiont
- Outcome
- N%e1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 2.64e1
- Qualifier
- at 4 dS m-1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Az6 treatment recorded the highest N% from wheat plants attained 2.64, 2.51 and 2.43% at 4 dS m-1 for Misr1, Sakha 95 and Gemmiza 12 cultivars, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Az6 treatment gave the highest N% in wheat cultivar Sakha 95 at 4 dS m-1 (2.51).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Sakha 95e1
- Treatment
- Az6 treatmente1
- Interactor
- Az6e1symbiont
- Outcome
- N%e1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 2.51e1
- Qualifier
- at 4 dS m-1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Az6 treatment recorded the highest N% from wheat plants attained 2.64, 2.51 and 2.43% at 4 dS m-1 for Misr1, Sakha 95 and Gemmiza 12 cultivars, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Az6 treatment gave the highest N% in wheat cultivar Gemmiza 12 at 4 dS m-1 (2.43).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Gemmiza 12e1
- Treatment
- Az6 treatmente1
- Interactor
- Az6e1symbiont
- Outcome
- N%e1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 2.43e1
- Qualifier
- at 4 dS m-1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Az6 treatment recorded the highest N% from wheat plants attained 2.64, 2.51 and 2.43% at 4 dS m-1 for Misr1, Sakha 95 and Gemmiza 12 cultivars, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Az6 treatment gave the highest K+ and K+/Na+% in wheat grown in soil salinized with 8 and 12 dS m-1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Az6 treatmente1
- Interactor
- Az6e1symbiont
- Outcome
- K+, K+/Na+%e2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Qualifier
- 8 and 12 dS m-1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Az6 treatment recorded the highest N% from wheat plants attained 2.64, 2.51 and 2.43% at 4 dS m-1 for Misr1, Sakha 95 and Gemmiza 12 cultivars, respectively”
e2“the highest K+, K+/Na+% and the lowest Na+% were obtained from plants that grown in soil salinized with 8 and 12 dS m-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Az6 treatment gave the lowest Na+% in wheat grown in soil salinized with 8 and 12 dS m-1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Az6 treatmente1
- Interactor
- Az6e1symbiont
- Outcome
- Na+%e2
- Direction
- loweste2
- Qualifier
- 8 and 12 dS m-1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Az6 treatment recorded the highest N% from wheat plants attained 2.64, 2.51 and 2.43% at 4 dS m-1 for Misr1, Sakha 95 and Gemmiza 12 cultivars, respectively”
e2“the highest K+, K+/Na+% and the lowest Na+% were obtained from plants that grown in soil salinized with 8 and 12 dS m-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzymes showed the same trend as the Az6 results in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Az6 treatmente1
- Interactor
- Az6e1symbiont
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymese3
- Direction
- same trende3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Az6 treatment recorded the highest N% from wheat plants attained 2.64, 2.51 and 2.43% at 4 dS m-1 for Misr1, Sakha 95 and Gemmiza 12 cultivars, respectively”
e3“The same trend was observed for antioxidant enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with Azotobacter isolates Az2 and Az6 could be efficiently used to partially or completely eliminate effects of salt stress on growth of wheat cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- inoculation with Azotobacter isolates Az2 and Az6e1
- Interactor
- Azotobacter isolates Az2 and Az6
Azotobactere1symbiont - Outcome
- effects of salt stress on growthe1
- Qualifier
- partially or completelye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“inoculation with Azotobacter isolates Az2 and Az6 could be efficiently used to partially or completely eliminate the effects of salt stress on growth of different wheat cultivars”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
- negative
- negative
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475 papers in the same direction as this paper · 55 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
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See all 532 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.