Abstract
Accurate information regarding crop reproductive development and yield formation in response to water deficits is needed for informed vineyard irrigation management decisions, particularly when water supply is limiting. Fifteen red winegrape cultivars grown in the San Joaquin Valley of California were subjected to two regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) treatments for four years to determine yield component responses to water deficits (no applied water) preveraison (ED) and postveraison (LD). In the fifth year, the cultivars were kept well-watered to determine carryover effects. In the first four years, early water deficits (ED) consistently and significantly reduced yields compared to the control (sustained deficit, SD; applied water at 50% of estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc) throughout the growing season) across all years and cultivars, but the late (postveraison) deficit (LD) treatment vines were not different from the control. The reduction in yield with ED was primarily due to a significant reduction in berry fresh weight (FW) and clusters per vine, with little change in berries per cluster. Neither flowers per cluster nor percent berry set were affected by the treatments, although flowers per cluster varied significantly among cultivars. Berries per cluster increased linearly with flowers per cluster until saturation at ~150 berries per cluster as percent berry set declined at ~250 flowers per cluster. In the fifth year, yields of the two RDI treatments recovered somewhat because of increases in berry FW and a small, but significant, increase in clusters per vine. These results show that berry size, because of a reduction in FW, is the most sensitive yield component to water deficits, followed by clusters per vine and berries per cluster, with sensitivity maximum preveraison and few differences among cultivars.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Early (preveraison) water deficit consistently and significantly reduced winegrape yields compared with the sustained deficit control in the first four years.
- Taxon
- winegrape
Vitis viniferat0 - Material
- Fifteen red winegrape cultivarse0
- Treatment
- early water deficits (ED)e1
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- control (sustained deficit, SD; applied water at 50% of estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc) throughout the growing season)e1
- Setting
- San Joaquin Valley of Californiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Preveraison Water Deficits on the Yield Components of 15 Winegrape Cultivars”
e0“Fifteen red winegrape cultivars grown in the San Joaquin Valley of California were subjected to two regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) treatments for four years”
e1“In the first four years, early water deficits (ED) consistently and significantly reduced yields compared to the control (sustained deficit, SD; applied water at 50% of estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc) throughout the growing season) across all years and cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Late (postveraison) water deficit did not differ from the control in winegrape yield.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- late (postveraison) deficit (LD)e2
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- not differente2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Preveraison Water Deficits on the Yield Components of 15 Winegrape Cultivars”
e1“In the first four years, early water deficits (ED) consistently and significantly reduced yields compared to the control”
e2“but the late (postveraison) deficit (LD) treatment vines were not different from the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The yield reduction under early water deficit was primarily due to a significant reduction in berry fresh weight and clusters per vine.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- EDe3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Qualifier
- primarily due to a significant reduction in berry fresh weight (FW) and clusters per vinee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Preveraison Water Deficits on the Yield Components of 15 Winegrape Cultivars”
e3“The reduction in yield with ED was primarily due to a significant reduction in berry fresh weight (FW) and clusters per vine, with little change in berries per cluster”
Claim · model-written summary
Early water deficit significantly reduced berry fresh weight in winegrape compared with the control.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- EDe3
- Outcome
- berry fresh weight (FW)e3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Preveraison Water Deficits on the Yield Components of 15 Winegrape Cultivars”
e1“In the first four years, early water deficits (ED) consistently and significantly reduced yields compared to the control”
e3“The reduction in yield with ED was primarily due to a significant reduction in berry fresh weight (FW) and clusters per vine, with little change in berries per cluster”
Claim · model-written summary
Early water deficit significantly reduced clusters per vine in winegrape compared with the control.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- EDe3
- Outcome
- clusters per vinee3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Preveraison Water Deficits on the Yield Components of 15 Winegrape Cultivars”
e1“In the first four years, early water deficits (ED) consistently and significantly reduced yields compared to the control”
e3“The reduction in yield with ED was primarily due to a significant reduction in berry fresh weight (FW) and clusters per vine, with little change in berries per cluster”
Claim · model-written summary
Early water deficit caused little change in berries per cluster in winegrape.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- EDe3
- Outcome
- berries per clustere3
- Direction
- little changee3
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Preveraison Water Deficits on the Yield Components of 15 Winegrape Cultivars”
e1“In the first four years, early water deficits (ED) consistently and significantly reduced yields compared to the control”
e3“The reduction in yield with ED was primarily due to a significant reduction in berry fresh weight (FW) and clusters per vine, with little change in berries per cluster”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowers per cluster and percent berry set of winegrape were not affected by the water deficit treatments.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- treatmentse4
- Outcome
- flowers per cluster nor percent berry sete4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Preveraison Water Deficits on the Yield Components of 15 Winegrape Cultivars”
e4“Neither flowers per cluster nor percent berry set were affected by the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowers per cluster varied significantly among winegrape cultivars.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- flowers per clustere5
- Direction
- varied significantlye5
- Qualifier
- among cultivarse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Preveraison Water Deficits on the Yield Components of 15 Winegrape Cultivars”
e5“although flowers per cluster varied significantly among cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Berries per cluster increased linearly with flowers per cluster in winegrape until saturation at about 150 berries per cluster.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- berries per clustere6
- Direction
- increased linearlye6
- Value
- ~150e6
- Qualifier
- until saturation at ~150 berries per clustere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Preveraison Water Deficits on the Yield Components of 15 Winegrape Cultivars”
e6“Berries per cluster increased linearly with flowers per cluster until saturation at ~150 berries per cluster”
Claim · model-written summary
Percent berry set of winegrape declined at about 250 flowers per cluster.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- percent berry sete7
- Direction
- declinede7
- Value
- ~250e7
- Qualifier
- at ~250 flowers per clustere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Preveraison Water Deficits on the Yield Components of 15 Winegrape Cultivars”
e6“Berries per cluster increased linearly with flowers per cluster until saturation at ~150 berries per cluster as percent berry set declined at ~250 flowers per cluster”
e7“as percent berry set declined at ~250 flowers per cluster”
Claim · model-written summary
In the fifth (carryover) year, yields of the two RDI treatments of winegrape recovered somewhat.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- two RDI treatmentse7
- Outcome
- yieldse7
- Direction
- recovered somewhate7
- Qualifier
- because of increases in berry FWe7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Preveraison Water Deficits on the Yield Components of 15 Winegrape Cultivars”
e7“In the fifth year, yields of the two RDI treatments recovered somewhat because of increases in berry FW”
Claim · model-written summary
In the fifth year, winegrape clusters per vine showed a small but significant increase.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- clusters per vinee7
- Direction
- increasee7
- Qualifier
- small, but significante7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Preveraison Water Deficits on the Yield Components of 15 Winegrape Cultivars”
e7“a small, but significant, increase in clusters per vine”
Claim · model-written summary
In the fifth year, winegrape berry fresh weight increased.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- berry FWe7
- Direction
- increasese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Preveraison Water Deficits on the Yield Components of 15 Winegrape Cultivars”
e7“increases in berry FW”
Claim · model-written summary
Berry size is the most sensitive winegrape yield component to water deficits, followed by clusters per vine and berries per cluster.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- water deficitse0
- Outcome
- berry sizee0
- Direction
- most sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Preveraison Water Deficits on the Yield Components of 15 Winegrape Cultivars”
e0“berry size, because of a reduction in FW, is the most sensitive yield component to water deficits”
Claim · model-written summary
Sensitivity of winegrape yield components to water deficits is maximum preveraison.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- preveraisone0
- Outcome
- sensitivitye0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Preveraison Water Deficits on the Yield Components of 15 Winegrape Cultivars”
e0“with sensitivity maximum preveraison and few differences among cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Winegrape cultivars showed few differences in yield-component sensitivity to water deficits.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- differences among cultivarse0
- Direction
- fewe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Preveraison Water Deficits on the Yield Components of 15 Winegrape Cultivars”
e0“with sensitivity maximum preveraison and few differences among cultivars”
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