Abstract
Abstract Microbial inoculation in drought challenged rice triggered multipronged steps at enzymatic, non-enzymatic and gene expression level. These multifarious modulations in plants were related to stress tolerance mechanisms. Drought suppressed growth of rice plants but inoculation with Trichoderma , Pseudomonas and their combination minimized the impact of watering regime. Induced PAL gene expression and enzyme activity due to microbial inoculation led to increased accumulation of polyphenolics in plants. Enhanced antioxidant concentration of polyphenolics from microbe inoculated and drought challenged plants showed substantially high values of DPPH, ABTS, Fe-ion reducing power and Fe-ion chelation activity, which established the role of polyphenolic extract as free radical scavengers. Activation of superoxide dismutase that catalyzes superoxide (O 2 − ) and leads to the accumulation of H 2 O 2 was linked with the hypersensitive cell death response in leaves. Microbial inoculation in plants enhanced activity of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes. This has further contributed in reducing ROS burden in plants. Genes of key metabolic pathways including phenylpropanoid ( PAL ), superoxide dismutation ( SODs ), H 2 O 2 peroxidation ( APX , PO ) and oxidative defense response ( CAT ) were over-expressed due to microbial inoculation. Enhanced expression of OSPiP linked to less-water permeability, drought-adaptation gene DHN and dehydration related stress inducible DREB gene in rice inoculated with microbial inoculants after drought challenge was also reported. The impact of Pseudomonas on gene expression was consistently remained the most prominent. These findings suggested that microbial inoculation directly caused over-expression of genes linked with defense processes in plants challenged with drought stress. Enhanced enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant reactions that helped in minimizing antioxidative load, were the repercussions of enhanced gene expression in microbe inoculated plants. These mechanisms contributed strongly towards stress mitigation. The study demonstrated that microbial inoculants were successful in improving intrinsic biochemical and molecular capabilities of rice plants under stress. Results encouraged us to advocate that the practice of growing plants with microbial inoculants may find strategic place in raising crops under abiotic stressed environments.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Drought suppressed rice growth.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought suppressed growth of rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with Trichoderma minimized the watering-regime impact on rice growth.
- Treatment
- inoculation with Trichodermae0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae0symbiont - Outcome
- impact of watering regimee0
- Direction
- minimizede0
- Comparator
- watering regimee0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation with Trichoderma , Pseudomonas and their combination minimized the impact of watering regime”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with Pseudomonas minimized watering-regime impact.
- Treatment
- Pseudomonase0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas
Pseudomonase0symbiont - Outcome
- impact of watering regimee0
- Direction
- minimizede0
- Comparator
- watering regimee0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation with Trichoderma , Pseudomonas and their combination minimized the impact of watering regime”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation minimized watering-regime impact.
- Treatment
- their combinatione0
- Outcome
- impact of watering regimee0
- Direction
- minimizede0
- Comparator
- watering regimee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“inoculation with Trichoderma , Pseudomonas and their combination minimized the impact of watering regime”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial inoculation induced PAL expression and activity, increasing plant polyphenolics.
Verbatim
e0“Induced PAL gene expression and enzyme activity due to microbial inoculation led to increased accumulation of polyphenolics in plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated drought-challenged plants had high DPPH, ABTS, Fe-ion reducing power and chelation activity.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- microbe inoculatede0
- Outcome
- DPPH, ABTS, Fe-ion reducing power and Fe-ion chelation activitye0
- Direction
- substantially highe0
Verbatim
e0“Enhanced antioxidant concentration of polyphenolics from microbe inoculated and drought challenged plants showed substantially high values of DPPH, ABTS, Fe-ion reducing power and Fe-ion chelation activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide dismutase activation was linked to a hypersensitive leaf cell-death response.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“Activation of superoxide dismutase that catalyzes superoxide (O 2 − ) and leads to the accumulation of H 2 O 2 was linked with the hypersensitive cell death response in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial inoculation enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- Microbial inoculatione0
- Outcome
- activity of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Microbial inoculation in plants enhanced activity of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial inoculation enhanced glutathione reductase activity.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- Microbial inoculatione0
- Outcome
- glutathione reductase enzymese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Microbial inoculation in plants enhanced activity of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial inoculation overexpressed PAL, SODs and APX.
- Treatment
- microbial inoculatione0
- Gene
- PALe0
- Outcome
- PAL ), superoxide dismutation ( SODs ), H 2 O 2 peroxidation ( APXe0
- Direction
- over-expressede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Genes of key metabolic pathways including phenylpropanoid ( PAL ), superoxide dismutation ( SODs ), H 2 O 2 peroxidation ( APX , PO ) and oxidative defense response ( CAT ) were over-expressed due to microbial inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial inoculation overexpressed PO and CAT.
- Treatment
- microbial inoculatione0
- Gene
- CATe0
- Outcome
- PO ) and oxidative defense response ( CATe0
- Direction
- over-expressede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Genes of key metabolic pathways including phenylpropanoid ( PAL ), superoxide dismutation ( SODs ), H 2 O 2 peroxidation ( APX , PO ) and oxidative defense response ( CAT ) were over-expressed due to microbial inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial inoculation enhanced OSPiP, DHN and DREB expression after drought.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- microbial inoculantse0
- Gene
- OSPiPe0
- Outcome
- expression of OSPiP linked to less-water permeability, drought-adaptation gene DHN and dehydration related stress inducible DREBe0
- Direction
- Enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enhanced expression of OSPiP linked to less-water permeability, drought-adaptation gene DHN and dehydration related stress inducible DREB gene in rice inoculated with microbial inoculants after drought challenge”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas had the most prominent gene-expression impact.
- Interactor
- PseudomonasPseudomonase0symbiont
- Outcome
- impact of Pseudomonas on gene expressione0
- Direction
- most prominente0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The impact of Pseudomonas on gene expression was consistently remained the most prominent”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors advocate microbial inoculants for crops in abiotic stressed environments.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Outcome
- practice of growing plants with microbial inoculantse0
Verbatim
e0“Results encouraged us to advocate that the practice of growing plants with microbial inoculants may find strategic place in raising crops under abiotic stressed environments”
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.