Abstract
In order to evaluate the forage quantity and quality of Sorghum in intercropping with soybean, a field experiment was carried out as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, during the 2016 growing season. The first factor included different planting patterns with eight levels (soybean monocultures with densities of 40 and 50 plants m-2, sorghum monocultures with densities of 10 and 15 plants m-2, and intercropping of the two plant species with the mentioned densities); the second factor consisted of two levels of inoculation with nitroxin (Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum brasilense) Bio-fertilizers and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas flurescence) and non-inoculation. The results showed that the highest (25.59 tons ha-1) and lowest total dry forage yield was obtained in intercropping soybean (with densities of 40 and 50 plants m-2) + sorghum (15 plants m-2) with inoculation and soybean monocultures (with densities of 40 and 50 plants m-2) without inoculation, respectively. Also, the highest and lowest values of forage ash, digestible dry matter (DDM) and net energy of lactation (NEL) were obtained in intercropping soybean (50 plants m-2) + sorghum (10 plants m-2) and monoculture of sorghum (15 plants m-2), respectively. The highest content of the acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was obtained in the monoculture of sorghum (15 plants m-2) without inoculation. In addition, application of bio-fertilizer increased the content of crude protein (CP), DDM, dry matter intake (DMI) and NEL by 6.29, 1.71, 3.29 and 2.72%, respectively, as compared to the control. Also, the highest land equivalent ratio and monetary advantage intercropping (MAI) were achieved in the intercropping of soybean (50 plants m-2) + sorghum (15 plants m-2). Generally, intercropping of soybean (50 plants m-2) + sorghum (15 plants m-2) and soybean (50 plants m-2) + sorghum (10 plants m-2) could be introduced as the best treatment in terms of forage quantity and quality, respectively.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated soybean-sorghum intercropping produced the highest total dry forage yield, 25.59 tons ha-1.
- Treatment
- intercropping soybean (with densities of 40 and 50 plants m-2) + sorghum (15 plants m-2) with inoculatione0
- Interactor
- soybean
Glycine maxe0other - Outcome
- total dry forage yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 25.59 tons ha-1e0
- Comparator
- soybean monoculturese0
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest (25.59 tons ha-1) and lowest total dry forage yield was obtained in intercropping soybean (with densities of 40 and 50 plants m-2) + sorghum (15 plants m-2) with inoculation and soybean monocultures (with densities of 40 and 50 plants m-2) without inoculation, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Uninoculated soybean monocultures had the lowest total dry forage yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- soybean monocultures (with densities of 40 and 50 plants m-2) without inoculatione0
- Outcome
- total dry forage yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest (25.59 tons ha-1) and lowest total dry forage yield was obtained in intercropping soybean (with densities of 40 and 50 plants m-2) + sorghum (15 plants m-2) with inoculation and soybean monocultures (with densities of 40 and 50 plants m-2) without inoculation, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping soybean at 50 plants m-2 and sorghum at 10 plants m-2 maximized forage ash, DDM and NEL.
- Treatment
- intercropping soybean (50 plants m-2) + sorghum (10 plants m-2)e0
- Interactor
- soybeanGlycine maxe0other
- Outcome
- forage ash, digestible dry matter (DDM) and net energy of lactation (NEL)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- monoculture of sorghume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest and lowest values of forage ash, digestible dry matter (DDM) and net energy of lactation (NEL) were obtained in intercropping soybean (50 plants m-2) + sorghum (10 plants m-2) and monoculture of sorghum (15 plants m-2), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum monoculture at 15 plants m-2 minimized forage ash, DDM and NEL.
- Treatment
- monoculture of sorghum (15 plants m-2)e0
- Outcome
- forage ash, digestible dry matter (DDM) and net energy of lactation (NEL)e0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest and lowest values of forage ash, digestible dry matter (DDM) and net energy of lactation (NEL) were obtained in intercropping soybean (50 plants m-2) + sorghum (10 plants m-2) and monoculture of sorghum (15 plants m-2), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Uninoculated sorghum monoculture at 15 plants m-2 had the highest ADF and NDF content.
- Treatment
- monoculture of sorghum (15 plants m-2) without inoculatione0
- Outcome
- acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest content of the acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was obtained in the monoculture of sorghum (15 plants m-2) without inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer increased crude protein content by 6.29% relative to the control.
- Treatment
- application of bio-fertilizere0
- Outcome
- crude protein (CP)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6.29e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of bio-fertilizer increased the content of crude protein (CP), DDM, dry matter intake (DMI) and NEL by 6.29, 1.71, 3.29 and 2.72%, respectively, as compared to the control”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer increased DDM by 1.71% relative to the control.
- Treatment
- application of bio-fertilizere0
- Outcome
- DDMe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.71e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of bio-fertilizer increased the content of crude protein (CP), DDM, dry matter intake (DMI) and NEL by 6.29, 1.71, 3.29 and 2.72%, respectively, as compared to the control”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer increased DMI by 3.29% relative to the control.
- Treatment
- application of bio-fertilizere0
- Outcome
- dry matter intake (DMI)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3.29e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of bio-fertilizer increased the content of crude protein (CP), DDM, dry matter intake (DMI) and NEL by 6.29, 1.71, 3.29 and 2.72%, respectively, as compared to the control”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer increased NEL by 2.72% relative to the control.
- Treatment
- application of bio-fertilizere0
- Outcome
- NELe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.72%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of bio-fertilizer increased the content of crude protein (CP), DDM, dry matter intake (DMI) and NEL by 6.29, 1.71, 3.29 and 2.72%, respectively, as compared to the control”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean at 50 plants m-2 plus sorghum at 15 plants m-2 gave the highest land equivalent ratio.
- Treatment
- intercropping of soybean (50 plants m-2) + sorghum (15 plants m-2)e0
- Interactor
- soybeanGlycine maxe0other
- Outcome
- land equivalent ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest land equivalent ratio and monetary advantage intercropping (MAI) were achieved in the intercropping of soybean (50 plants m-2) + sorghum (15 plants m-2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean at 50 plants m-2 plus sorghum at 15 plants m-2 gave the highest monetary advantage.
- Treatment
- intercropping of soybean (50 plants m-2) + sorghum (15 plants m-2)e0
- Outcome
- monetary advantage intercropping (MAI)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the highest land equivalent ratio and monetary advantage intercropping (MAI) were achieved in the intercropping of soybean (50 plants m-2) + sorghum (15 plants m-2)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend soybean at 50 plants m-2 plus sorghum at 15 plants m-2 as best for forage quantity.
- Interactor
- soybeanGlycine maxe0other
- Outcome
- intercropping of soybean (50 plants m-2) + sorghum (15 plants m-2)e0
- Qualifier
- forage quantitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping of soybean (50 plants m-2) + sorghum (15 plants m-2) and soybean (50 plants m-2) + sorghum (10 plants m-2) could be introduced as the best treatment in terms of forage quantity and quality, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend soybean at 50 plants m-2 plus sorghum at 10 plants m-2 as best for forage quality.
- Interactor
- soybeanGlycine maxe0other
- Outcome
- soybean (50 plants m-2) + sorghum (10 plants m-2)e0
- Qualifier
- qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping of soybean (50 plants m-2) + sorghum (15 plants m-2) and soybean (50 plants m-2) + sorghum (10 plants m-2) could be introduced as the best treatment in terms of forage quantity and quality, respectively”
The same questions in other papers
Glycine max · growth · SorghumPositive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Glycine max · yield · SorghumPositive and negative results
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
23 papers more in this group
See all 27 papers →intercropping · yield · SorghumResults differ
117 papers in the same direction as this paper · 42 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
161 papers more in this group
See all 165 papers →rotation · growth · SorghumPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →inoculation · quality: protein · SorghumPositive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →intercropping · growth · SorghumPositive and negative results
25 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
29 papers more in this group
See all 33 papers →inoculation · growth · SorghumPositive and negative results
64 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
72 papers more in this group
See all 76 papers →inoculation · yield · SorghumPositive and negative results
67 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
72 papers more in this group
See all 76 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.