Abstract
Soil contamination with toxic metals is a major global concern due to their effects on plants and the ecosystem. In contaminated soils, some plant species have the ability to remediate heavy metals. Ricinus communis L., is an industrial crop plant gaining popularity in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils owing to its strong and deep penetrating roots aiding high metal accumulation and large biomass level. Ricinus communis can tolerate high amounts of metals by adopting different strategies, which include the production of antioxidant enzymes, subcellular localization, and exudation of organic acid. At the molecular level, R. communis can tolerate metal stress by activating stress-responsive genes. Proper selection of metal-tolerant R. communis cultivars is effective in the remediation of metal-contaminated soils, owing to their high capacity for metal tolerance. Exogenous application of mineral fertilization and the use of microbes and chelating agents increase metal solubility and availability for plant uptake in soil. Also, good agronomic practices such as co-planting of R. communis with other leguminous crops enhance R. communis growth and metal tolerance, thereby improving remediation of metal-contaminated soils. This review, therefore, critically discusses the recent approaches in using R. communis to remediate metal-contaminated soils.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Ricinus communis accumulates metals and forms large biomass.
- Taxon
- Ricinus communis L.
Ricinus communise0 - Outcome
- high metal accumulation and large biomass levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ricinus communis L., is an industrial crop plant gaining popularity in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils owing to its strong and deep penetrating roots aiding high metal accumulation and large biomass level”
Claim · model-written summary
Ricinus communis tolerates high metal amounts through antioxidant enzymes, subcellular localization and organic acid exudation.
- Taxon
- Ricinus communisRicinus communise0
- Outcome
- tolerate high amounts of metalse0
- Qualifier
- production of antioxidant enzymes, subcellular localization, and exudation of organic acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ricinus communis can tolerate high amounts of metals by adopting different strategies, which include the production of antioxidant enzymes, subcellular localization, and exudation of organic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress responsive gene activation contributes to metal tolerance.
- Taxon
- R. communisRicinus communise0
- Gene
- stress-responsive genese0
- Outcome
- tolerate metal stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R. communis can tolerate metal stress by activating stress-responsive genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Selection of metal tolerant cultivars aids remediation.
- Taxon
- R. communisRicinus communise0
- Material
- metal-tolerant R. communis cultivarse0
- Outcome
- remediation of metal-contaminated soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proper selection of metal-tolerant R. communis cultivars is effective in the remediation of metal-contaminated soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilization increases soil metal availability for plant uptake.
- Treatment
- mineral fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- metal solubility and availability for plant uptake in soile0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of mineral fertilization and the use of microbes and chelating agents increase metal solubility and availability for plant uptake in soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbes increase soil metal availability for plant uptake.
- Treatment
- microbese0
- Outcome
- metal solubility and availability for plant uptake in soile0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of mineral fertilization and the use of microbes and chelating agents increase metal solubility and availability for plant uptake in soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Chelating agents increase soil metal availability for plant uptake.
- Treatment
- chelating agentse0
- Outcome
- metal solubility and availability for plant uptake in soile0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of mineral fertilization and the use of microbes and chelating agents increase metal solubility and availability for plant uptake in soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Co planting with legumes enhances Ricinus growth and metal tolerance.
- Taxon
- R. communisRicinus communise0
- Treatment
- co-planting of R. communis with other leguminous cropse0
- Outcome
- R. communis growth and metal tolerancee0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“co-planting of R. communis with other leguminous crops enhance R. communis growth and metal tolerance”
The same questions in other papers
chelator · nutrient: content · Ricinus communis (castor bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
fertilization · nutrient: content · Ricinus communis (castor bean)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
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See all 12 papers →inoculation · nutrient: content · Ricinus communis (castor bean)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.