Abstract
The moderating role of salicylic acid (SA) and putrescine (PUS) as plant growth regulators (PGRs), on the growth parameters and phytochemical and qualitative characteristics of strawberry fruit 'Selva' under osmotic stress was investigated under soilless culture. The osmotic potential (salinity) of the nutrient solution containing different NaCl concentrations (0, 7.5, 15, 30 and 45 mM) and foliar application of PUS (0 and 1.5 mM) and SA (0 and 1.5 mM) were studied. The results showed a significant decrease in plant leaf area (79.6%), total chlorophyll content (48%), fruit yield (73.5%), leaf relative water content (33%), total protein (33.4%), total phenol (7.8%), and vitamin C content (24.5%) under osmotic stress. Moreover, peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes activity, leaf ion leakage, and soluble carbohydrate and proline content increased significantly under osmotic stress. Application of PGRs had a significant effect on all the studied traits (except for SOD activity). Interactive effects of salinity and PGRs were significant on all the traits except for leaf ion leakage, POD activity, soluble carbohydrates, and protein. The highest total phenol and vitamin C contents were obtained with 15 mM salinity along with foliar application of PGRs. In conclusion, foliar application of PUS and SA ameliorate negative effects of salt stress on growth, yield, and quality of strawberry fruit.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress significantly reduced strawberry leaf area by 79.6%.
- Taxon
- Strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- osmotic stresse0
- Outcome
- plant leaf areae0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 79.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The results showed a significant decrease in plant leaf area (79.6%), total chlorophyll content (48%), fruit yield (73.5%), leaf relative water content (33%), total protein (33.4%), total phenol (7.8%), and vitamin C content (24.5%) under osmotic stress.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress significantly reduced total chlorophyll content by 48%.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 48%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant decrease in plant leaf area (79.6%), total chlorophyll content (48%), fruit yield (73.5%), leaf relative water content (33%), total protein (33.4%), total phenol (7.8%), and vitamin C content (24.5%) under osmotic stress.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress significantly reduced fruit yield by 73.5%.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 73.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant decrease in plant leaf area (79.6%), total chlorophyll content (48%), fruit yield (73.5%), leaf relative water content (33%), total protein (33.4%), total phenol (7.8%), and vitamin C content (24.5%) under osmotic stress.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress significantly reduced leaf relative water content by 33%.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse0
- Outcome
- leaf relative water contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 33%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant decrease in plant leaf area (79.6%), total chlorophyll content (48%), fruit yield (73.5%), leaf relative water content (33%), total protein (33.4%), total phenol (7.8%), and vitamin C content (24.5%) under osmotic stress.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress significantly reduced total protein by 33.4%.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse0
- Outcome
- total proteine0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 33.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant decrease in plant leaf area (79.6%), total chlorophyll content (48%), fruit yield (73.5%), leaf relative water content (33%), total protein (33.4%), total phenol (7.8%), and vitamin C content (24.5%) under osmotic stress.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress significantly reduced total phenol by 7.8%.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse0
- Outcome
- total phenole0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 7.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant decrease in plant leaf area (79.6%), total chlorophyll content (48%), fruit yield (73.5%), leaf relative water content (33%), total protein (33.4%), total phenol (7.8%), and vitamin C content (24.5%) under osmotic stress.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress significantly reduced vitamin C content by 24.5%.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse0
- Outcome
- vitamin C contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 24.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant decrease in plant leaf area (79.6%), total chlorophyll content (48%), fruit yield (73.5%), leaf relative water content (33%), total protein (33.4%), total phenol (7.8%), and vitamin C content (24.5%) under osmotic stress.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress significantly increased POD and SOD enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse0
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes activity, leaf ion leakage, and soluble carbohydrate and proline content increased significantly under osmotic stress.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress significantly increased leaf ion leakage.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse0
- Outcome
- leaf ion leakagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf ion leakage, and soluble carbohydrate and proline content increased significantly under osmotic stress.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress significantly increased soluble carbohydrate and proline content.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse0
- Outcome
- soluble carbohydrate and proline contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soluble carbohydrate and proline content increased significantly under osmotic stress.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar plant growth regulators significantly affected all studied traits except SOD activity.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- foliar application of PUS (0 and 1.5 mM) and SA (0 and 1.5 mM)e1
- Outcome
- all the studied traitse0
- Qualifier
- except for SOD activitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of PGRs had a significant effect on all the studied traits (except for SOD activity).”
e1“foliar application of PUS (0 and 1.5 mM) and SA (0 and 1.5 mM)”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity and plant growth regulator interactions were significant for all studied traits except four named traits.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- salinity and PGRse0
- Outcome
- all the traitse0
- Qualifier
- except for leaf ion leakage, POD activity, soluble carbohydrates, and proteine0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interactive effects of salinity and PGRs were significant on all the traits except for leaf ion leakage, POD activity, soluble carbohydrates, and protein.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Total phenol content was highest under 15 mM salinity with foliar plant growth regulators.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- 15 mM salinity along with foliar application of PGRse0
- Outcome
- total phenole0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest total phenol and vitamin C contents were obtained with 15 mM salinity along with foliar application of PGRs.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Vitamin C content was highest under 15 mM salinity with foliar plant growth regulators.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- 15 mM salinity along with foliar application of PGRse0
- Outcome
- vitamin C contentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest total phenol and vitamin C contents were obtained with 15 mM salinity along with foliar application of PGRs.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that foliar putrescine and salicylic acid ameliorate salinity effects on strawberry growth, yield and fruit quality.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- foliar application of PUS and SAe0
- Outcome
- growth, yield, and quality of strawberry fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of PUS and SA ameliorate negative effects of salt stress on growth, yield, and quality of strawberry fruit.”
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8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.