Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important food security crops which is cultivated from small to large scale farms in Ethiopia. However, its productivity has been limited due to various abiotic and biotic factors including weeds. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of seed rates and post emergence herbicides application on weed management and productivity of wheat. Factorial combinations of three levels of seed rates (100,150 and 200 kg ha -1 )and four types of herbicides (Agro 2,4-D 720 g/L 1lt ha -1 ,Pallas 45 OD 0.5lt ha -1 ,Derby 175 SC 100ml ha -1 and Lancolet 450 WG 33 gm ha -1 )along with control (a weedy check) were laid out in RCBD with three replications. A total of identified 12 weed species were recorded (86 % broad and 14 % grass weeds). Results also revealed that significant effects of seed rate by herbicide interaction for all the traits studied. The minimum weed densities (2.7 m -2 ) at 45 days after planting , dry biomass of grass weeds (33.33 kg ha -1 ) and the highest weed control efficiency (81.22%) were recorded from the interaction effects of 150 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD while the minimum dry biomass of broad leaf weeds (53.33 kg ha -1 ) was recorded at 200 kg ha -1 seed rate with Lancolet 450 Wattable Granule (WG). The highest number of productive tillers(133.33 m -2 ),seeds per spike(76.48), thousand grain weight (44.36 g),grain yield (4516.42 kg ha -1 )and biological yield(13100 kg ha -1 ) were recorded from the combination of 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD while the lowest values were observed from the weedy check .Grain yield had strong positive correlations with each of the yield components, however it was negatively correlated with dry weed biomass. Based on partial budget analysis, the maximum net benefit was obtained from the interaction of 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD but higher number of marginal rate of return was calculated from 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with 2,4-D . It was also observed that, the combined use of seed rate 150 kg ha -1 with Pallas 45 OD effectively managed weeds, economical and gave maximum yields, which could be recommended for the test environment. Since the experiment was conducted in one location and for a single season, it should be repeated over seasons or multi locations for best recommendation. Keywords: combination, effect, interaction, maximum, Pallas 45 OD DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/10-9-04 Publication date: May 31 st 2020
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Twelve weed species were recorded, predominantly broadleaf weeds.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Interactor
- weed speciese1weed
- Outcome
- weed species were recordede1
- Value
- 12 weed speciese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat is one of the most important food security crops”
e1“A total of identified 12 weed species were recorded (86 % broad and 14 % grass weeds)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed rate by herbicide interaction significantly affected all studied traits.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- seed rate by herbicide interactione1
- Outcome
- all the traits studiede1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat”
e1“significant effects of seed rate by herbicide interaction for all the traits studied”
Claim · model-written summary
The 150 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD produced the minimum weed density of 2.7 m -2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 150 seed rate with Pallas 45 ODe2
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- weed densitiese1
- Direction
- minimume1
- Value
- 2.7 m -2e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat”
e1“minimum weed densities (2.7 m -2 ) at 45 days after planting”
e2“interaction effects of 150 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD”
Claim · model-written summary
The 150 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD gave minimum grass weed dry biomass of 33.33 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 150 seed rate with Pallas 45 ODe2
- Interactor
- grass weedse1weed
- Outcome
- dry biomass of grass weedse1
- Direction
- minimume2
- Value
- 33.33 kg ha -1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat”
e1“dry biomass of grass weeds (33.33 kg ha -1 )”
e2“minimum weed densities (2.7 m -2 ) at 45 days after planting , dry biomass of grass weeds (33.33 kg ha -1 ) and the highest weed control efficiency (81.22%) were recorded from the interaction effects of 150 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD”
Claim · model-written summary
The 150 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD gave highest weed control efficiency of 81.22%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 150 seed rate with Pallas 45 ODe1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 81.22%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat”
e1“highest weed control efficiency (81.22%) were recorded from the interaction effects of 150 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD”
Claim · model-written summary
The 200 kg ha -1 seed rate with Lancolet 450 WG gave minimum broadleaf weed dry biomass of 53.33 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 200 kg ha -1 seed rate with Lancolet 450 Wattable Granule (WG)e1
- Interactor
- broad leaf weedse1weed
- Outcome
- dry biomass of broad leaf weedse1
- Direction
- minimume1
- Value
- 53.33 kg ha -1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat”
e1“minimum dry biomass of broad leaf weeds (53.33 kg ha -1 ) was recorded at 200 kg ha -1 seed rate with Lancolet 450 Wattable Granule (WG)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 150 kg ha -1 rate with Pallas gave the highest productive tiller count of 133.33 m -2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 ODe1
- Outcome
- number of productive tillerse1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 133.33 m -2e1
- Comparator
- weedy checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat”
e1“highest number of productive tillers(133.33 m -2 ),seeds per spike(76.48), thousand grain weight (44.36 g),grain yield (4516.42 kg ha -1 )and biological yield(13100 kg ha -1 ) were recorded from the combination of 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD while the lowest values were observed from the weedy check”
Claim · model-written summary
The 150 kg ha -1 rate with Pallas gave the highest seeds per spike at 76.48.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 ODe1
- Outcome
- seeds per spikee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 76.48e1
- Comparator
- weedy checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat”
e1“highest number of productive tillers(133.33 m -2 ),seeds per spike(76.48), thousand grain weight (44.36 g),grain yield (4516.42 kg ha -1 )and biological yield(13100 kg ha -1 ) were recorded from the combination of 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD while the lowest values were observed from the weedy check”
Claim · model-written summary
The 150 kg ha -1 rate with Pallas gave the highest thousand grain weight of 44.36 g.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 ODe1
- Outcome
- thousand grain weighte1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 44.36 ge1
- Comparator
- weedy checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat”
e1“highest number of productive tillers(133.33 m -2 ),seeds per spike(76.48), thousand grain weight (44.36 g),grain yield (4516.42 kg ha -1 )and biological yield(13100 kg ha -1 ) were recorded from the combination of 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD while the lowest values were observed from the weedy check”
Claim · model-written summary
The 150 kg ha -1 rate with Pallas gave the highest grain yield of 4516.42 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 ODe1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 4516.42 kg ha -1e1
- Comparator
- weedy checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat”
e1“highest number of productive tillers(133.33 m -2 ),seeds per spike(76.48), thousand grain weight (44.36 g),grain yield (4516.42 kg ha -1 )and biological yield(13100 kg ha -1 ) were recorded from the combination of 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD while the lowest values were observed from the weedy check”
Claim · model-written summary
The 150 kg ha -1 rate with Pallas gave the highest biological yield of 13100 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 ODe1
- Outcome
- biological yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 13100 kg ha -1e1
- Comparator
- weedy checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat”
e1“highest number of productive tillers(133.33 m -2 ),seeds per spike(76.48), thousand grain weight (44.36 g),grain yield (4516.42 kg ha -1 )and biological yield(13100 kg ha -1 ) were recorded from the combination of 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD while the lowest values were observed from the weedy check”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield correlated positively with yield components.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde1
- Direction
- positivee1
- Qualifier
- yield componentse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat”
e1“Grain yield had strong positive correlations with each of the yield components”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield correlated negatively with dry weed biomass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- Grain yielde2
- Direction
- negativelye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat”
e1“it was negatively correlated with dry weed biomass”
e2“Grain yield had strong positive correlations”
Claim · model-written summary
The 150 kg ha -1 rate with Pallas gave the maximum net benefit.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 ODe1
- Outcome
- net benefite1
- Direction
- maximume1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat”
e1“maximum net benefit was obtained from the interaction of 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD”
Claim · model-written summary
The 150 kg ha -1 rate with 2,4-D gave a higher marginal rate of return.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with 2,4-De1
- Outcome
- marginal rate of returne1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat”
e1“higher number of marginal rate of return was calculated from 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with 2,4-D”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD for the test environment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- combined use of seed rate 150 kg ha -1 with Pallas 45 ODe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat”
e1“combined use of seed rate 150 kg ha -1 with Pallas 45 OD effectively managed weeds, economical and gave maximum yields, which could be recommended for the test environment”
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