Abstract
This study was conducted on the Experimental Farm of the Shandaweel Research Station at Sohage, Egypt, during 2006/07 and 2007/08 growing seasons. The investigation was aimed to study the effect of irrigation at 45, 60 and 75% of available soil water deficit (ASMD) and two plant population densities (35000 and 70000 plants/ fad.) on productivity and water use efficiency of some genotypes (Lines 1, 2, 3 and Giza1 cv) of safflower. A randomized complete block, split- split plot design with three replicates was used in each season. Irrigation treatments, genotypes and plant population densities were randomly assigned to the main, sub-plots and sub- sub plots, respectively. Results showed that irrigation at 45% of ASMD significantly increased plant height, number of branches /plant, number of heads /plant, 100-seed weight, weight of seeds /plant, seed yield /fad., seed oil content and oil yield /fad. by 35.0, 45.8, 50.6 13.9, 49.9, 34.0, 7.3 and 43.8%, respectively, compared to irrigation at 75% of ASMD. Increasing plant population densities from 35000 to 70000 plants /fad. significantly increased plant height, seed and oil yield fad-1, while, decreased number of branches /plant, number of heads /plant, 100-seed weight, weight of seeds /plant. In this case, seed oil content was not affected by plant population density. In general, Line 3 surpassed others genotypes in the most studied characteristics. The interaction between irrigation regime x genotype as well as irrigation regime x plant population density had a significant effect on the 100-seed weight, seed weight /plant, seed yield /fad., seed oil content, oil yield /fad and WUE. Meanwhile, interaction between plant population density x genotype or between three factors, had a significant effect on seed yield /fad. and WUE only. Seasonal water consumptive use was 30.03, 26.05 and 23.95 cm when irrigated safflower plants at 45%, 60% and 75% of ASMD, respectively. Results indicated that irrigation at 60% of ASMD gave the highest value of WUE (31.32 kg seed yield cm-1 of water consumed). Also, plant population densities at 70000 plants /fad. gave the highest value of WUE. Moreover, Line 3 was more efficient in water use than other genotypes. So, from results of seed yield and WUE, a high or medium irrigation rates with high plant population densities and planted safflower genotype Line 3 are adequate under this study condition.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 45% of ASMD significantly increased plant height by 35.0 compared with 75% of ASMD.
- Taxon
- safflower
Carthamus tinctoriust0 - Treatment
- irrigation at 45% of ASMDe0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 35.0e0
- Comparator
- irrigation at 75% of ASMDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”
e0“Results showed that irrigation at 45% of ASMD significantly increased plant height, number of branches /plant, number of heads /plant, 100-seed weight, weight of seeds /plant, seed yield /fad., seed oil content and oil yield /fad. by 35.0, 45.8, 50.6 13.9, 49.9, 34.0, 7.3 and 43.8%, respectively, compared to irrigation at 75% of ASMD”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 45% of ASMD significantly increased number of branches per plant by 45.8% compared with 75% of ASMD.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- irrigation at 45% of ASMDe0
- Outcome
- number of branches /plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 45.8e0
- Comparator
- irrigation at 75% of ASMDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”
e0“Results showed that irrigation at 45% of ASMD significantly increased plant height, number of branches /plant, number of heads /plant, 100-seed weight, weight of seeds /plant, seed yield /fad., seed oil content and oil yield /fad. by 35.0, 45.8, 50.6 13.9, 49.9, 34.0, 7.3 and 43.8%, respectively, compared to irrigation at 75% of ASMD”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 45% of ASMD significantly increased number of heads per plant by 50.6% compared with 75% of ASMD.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- irrigation at 45% of ASMDe0
- Outcome
- number of heads /plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 50.6e0
- Comparator
- irrigation at 75% of ASMDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”
e0“Results showed that irrigation at 45% of ASMD significantly increased plant height, number of branches /plant, number of heads /plant, 100-seed weight, weight of seeds /plant, seed yield /fad., seed oil content and oil yield /fad. by 35.0, 45.8, 50.6 13.9, 49.9, 34.0, 7.3 and 43.8%, respectively, compared to irrigation at 75% of ASMD”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 45% of ASMD significantly increased 100-seed weight by 13.9% compared with 75% of ASMD.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- irrigation at 45% of ASMDe0
- Outcome
- 100-seed weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.9e0
- Comparator
- irrigation at 75% of ASMDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”
e0“Results showed that irrigation at 45% of ASMD significantly increased plant height, number of branches /plant, number of heads /plant, 100-seed weight, weight of seeds /plant, seed yield /fad., seed oil content and oil yield /fad. by 35.0, 45.8, 50.6 13.9, 49.9, 34.0, 7.3 and 43.8%, respectively, compared to irrigation at 75% of ASMD”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 45% of ASMD significantly increased weight of seeds per plant by 49.9% compared with 75% of ASMD.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- irrigation at 45% of ASMDe0
- Outcome
- weight of seeds /plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 49.9e0
- Comparator
- irrigation at 75% of ASMDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”
e0“Results showed that irrigation at 45% of ASMD significantly increased plant height, number of branches /plant, number of heads /plant, 100-seed weight, weight of seeds /plant, seed yield /fad., seed oil content and oil yield /fad. by 35.0, 45.8, 50.6 13.9, 49.9, 34.0, 7.3 and 43.8%, respectively, compared to irrigation at 75% of ASMD”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 45% of ASMD significantly increased seed yield per fadan by 34.0% compared with 75% of ASMD.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- irrigation at 45% of ASMDe0
- Outcome
- seed yield /fad.e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 34.0e0
- Comparator
- irrigation at 75% of ASMDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”
e0“Results showed that irrigation at 45% of ASMD significantly increased plant height, number of branches /plant, number of heads /plant, 100-seed weight, weight of seeds /plant, seed yield /fad., seed oil content and oil yield /fad. by 35.0, 45.8, 50.6 13.9, 49.9, 34.0, 7.3 and 43.8%, respectively, compared to irrigation at 75% of ASMD”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 45% of ASMD significantly increased seed oil content by 7.3 compared with 75% of ASMD.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- irrigation at 45% of ASMDe0
- Outcome
- seed oil contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.3e0
- Comparator
- irrigation at 75% of ASMDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”
e0“Results showed that irrigation at 45% of ASMD significantly increased plant height, number of branches /plant, number of heads /plant, 100-seed weight, weight of seeds /plant, seed yield /fad., seed oil content and oil yield /fad. by 35.0, 45.8, 50.6 13.9, 49.9, 34.0, 7.3 and 43.8%, respectively, compared to irrigation at 75% of ASMD”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 45% of ASMD significantly increased oil yield per fadan by 43.8% compared with 75% of ASMD.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- irrigation at 45% of ASMDe0
- Outcome
- oil yield /fad.e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 43.8%e0
- Comparator
- irrigation at 75% of ASMDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”
e0“Results showed that irrigation at 45% of ASMD significantly increased plant height, number of branches /plant, number of heads /plant, 100-seed weight, weight of seeds /plant, seed yield /fad., seed oil content and oil yield /fad. by 35.0, 45.8, 50.6 13.9, 49.9, 34.0, 7.3 and 43.8%, respectively, compared to irrigation at 75% of ASMD”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing plant population density from 35000 to 70000 plants per fadan significantly increased plant height, seed yield and oil yield.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- Increasing plant population densities from 35000 to 70000 plants /fad.e1
- Outcome
- plant height, seed and oil yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”
e1“Increasing plant population densities from 35000 to 70000 plants /fad. significantly increased plant height, seed and oil yield fad-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing plant population density decreased number of branches per plant and number of heads per plant.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- Increasing plant population densities from 35000 to 70000 plants /fad.e1
- Outcome
- number of branches /plant, number of heads /plante2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”
e1“Increasing plant population densities from 35000 to 70000 plants /fad. significantly increased plant height, seed and oil yield fad-1”
e2“while, decreased number of branches /plant, number of heads /plant, 100-seed weight, weight of seeds /plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing plant population density decreased 100-seed weight and weight of seeds per plant.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- Increasing plant population densities from 35000 to 70000 plants /fad.e1
- Outcome
- 100-seed weight, weight of seeds /plante2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”
e1“Increasing plant population densities from 35000 to 70000 plants /fad. significantly increased plant height, seed and oil yield fad-1”
e2“while, decreased number of branches /plant, number of heads /plant, 100-seed weight, weight of seeds /plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed oil content of safflower was not affected by plant population density.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- plant population densitye1
- Outcome
- seed oil contente1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”
e1“In this case, seed oil content was not affected by plant population density”
Claim · model-written summary
Line 3 surpassed the other safflower genotypes in most studied characteristics.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- Line 3e1
- Outcome
- the most studied characteristicse1
- Direction
- surpassede1
- Comparator
- others genotypese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”
e1“In general, Line 3 surpassed others genotypes in the most studied characteristics”
Claim · model-written summary
Line 3 was more efficient in water use than the other safflower genotypes.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- Line 3e1
- Outcome
- water usee1
- Direction
- more efficiente1
- Comparator
- other genotypese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”
e1“Moreover, Line 3 was more efficient in water use than other genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 60% of ASMD gave the highest water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- irrigation at 60% of ASMDe1
- Outcome
- WUEe1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 31.32 kg seed yield cm-1 of water consumede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”
e1“Results indicated that irrigation at 60% of ASMD gave the highest value of WUE (31.32 kg seed yield cm-1 of water consumed)”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant population density of 70000 plants per fadan gave the highest water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- plant population densities at 70000 plants /fad.e1
- Outcome
- WUEe1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”
e1“Also, plant population densities at 70000 plants /fad. gave the highest value of WUE”
Claim · model-written summary
Seasonal water consumptive use was 30.03, 26.05 and 23.95 cm at 45%, 60% and 75% of ASMD.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- 45%, 60% and 75% of ASMDe1
- Outcome
- Seasonal water consumptive usee1
- Value
- 30.03, 26.05 and 23.95 cme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”
e1“Seasonal water consumptive use was 30.03, 26.05 and 23.95 cm when irrigated safflower plants at 45%, 60% and 75% of ASMD, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation regime interacted significantly with genotype on 100-seed weight, seed weight per plant and seed yield.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- irrigation regime x genotypee1
- Outcome
- 100-seed weight, seed weight /plant, seed yield /fad.e1
- Qualifier
- irrigation regime x plant population densitye1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”
e1“The interaction between irrigation regime x genotype as well as irrigation regime x plant population density had a significant effect on the 100-seed weight, seed weight /plant, seed yield /fad., seed oil content, oil yield /fad and WUE”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation regime interacted significantly with genotype on seed oil content, oil yield and WUE.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- irrigation regime x genotypee1
- Outcome
- seed oil content, oil yield /fad and WUEe1
- Qualifier
- irrigation regime x plant population densitye1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”
e1“The interaction between irrigation regime x genotype as well as irrigation regime x plant population density had a significant effect on the 100-seed weight, seed weight /plant, seed yield /fad., seed oil content, oil yield /fad and WUE”
Claim · model-written summary
High or medium irrigation rates with high plant population densities and safflower genotype Line 3 are adequate for the study conditions.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- Line 3e1
- Outcome
- high or medium irrigation rates with high plant population densitiese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”
e1“So, from results of seed yield and WUE, a high or medium irrigation rates with high plant population densities and planted safflower genotype Line 3 are adequate under this study condition”
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