Abstract
Field experiment was carried out during the winter seasons of 2012-13 and 2013-14 to evaluate the effects of conservation agriculture (CA) and weed management practices on weeds, soil microbial activity and wheat productivity under a CA-based three-year old rice (Oryza sativa L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend Fiori & Paol.) rotation. The design was a split plot with CA practices adopted in main plots and weed control measures in sub-plots with three replications. Results showed that zero till wheat (ZTW) encountered comparatively lower weed infestations compared to conventional till wheat (CTW). The ZTW with rice residue under (DSR) + mungbean residue (MR) – ZTW + rice residue (RR) – zero till summer mungbean (ZTSMB) + wheat residue (WR) recorded 58.8% and 61.9% higher soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and 48.2% and 53.8% more microbial biomass carbon (MBC) during 2012-13 and 2013-14, respectively than CTW under TPR-CTW, but weed control/ herbicides applications did not significantly influence microbial activity. Wheat crop yield was higher in ZTW than CTW. Among the CA treatments, the directseeded rice (DSR) + mungbean residue (MR) – ZTW + rice residue (RR) – zero till summer mungbean (ZTSMB) + wheat residue (WR), and DSR – ZTW – ZTSMB resulted in higher values of yield attributes (spike no./m2, grain/ spike) and yield of wheat. The increase in wheat yield due to the DSR + MR – ZTW + RR –ZTSMB + WR was 17.9 and 18.4%, respectively in 2012-13 and 2013-14 over that in TPR–CTW. The sequential applications of preemergence pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha at 2 days after sowing (DAS) and post-emergence sulfosulfuron 25 g/ha at 30 DAS resulted in an effective control of weeds, irrespective of zero till (ZT) and conventional till (CT) conditions and gave significantly higher yield attributes and yield of wheat. This study provides information on better soil microbial health and higher wheat productivity under CA practices compared to CT conditions through effective weed control in rice-wheat cropping system. The recommendation may be adopted in the Indo-Gangetic plains of India with similar climatic and edaphic conditions.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Zero till wheat had lower weed infestation than conventional till wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- zero till wheat (ZTW)e0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed infestationse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- conventional till wheat (CTW)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“zero till wheat (ZTW) encountered comparatively lower weed infestations compared to conventional till wheat (CTW)”
Claim · model-written summary
The residue based zero till sequence increased soil dehydrogenase activity by 58.8% and 61.9% in successive seasons.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 58.8% and 61.9%e0
- Comparator
- CTW under TPR-CTWe0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“recorded 58.8% and 61.9% higher soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and 48.2% and 53.8% more microbial biomass carbon (MBC) during 2012-13 and 2013-14, respectively than CTW under TPR-CTW”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The residue based zero till sequence increased microbial biomass carbon by 48.2% and 53.8%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- microbial biomass carbon (MBC)e0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 48.2% and 53.8%e0
- Comparator
- CTW under TPR-CTWe0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“48.2% and 53.8% more microbial biomass carbon (MBC) during 2012-13 and 2013-14, respectively than CTW under TPR-CTW”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control and herbicides did not significantly influence microbial activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- weed control/ herbicides applicationse0
- Outcome
- microbial activitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed control/ herbicides applications did not significantly influence microbial activity”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield was higher under zero tillage than conventional tillage.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat crop yield was higher in ZTW than CTW”
Claim · model-written summary
The residue based sequence increased wheat yield by 17.9% in 2012-13.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- DSR + MR – ZTW + RR –ZTSMB + WRe0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 17.9e0
- Qualifier
- 2012-13e0
- Comparator
- TPR–CTWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in wheat yield due to the DSR + MR – ZTW + RR –ZTSMB + WR was 17.9 and 18.4%, respectively in 2012-13 and 2013-14 over that in TPR–CTW”
Claim · model-written summary
The residue based sequence increased wheat yield by 18.4% in 2013-14.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- DSR + MR – ZTW + RR –ZTSMB + WRe0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 18.4%e0
- Qualifier
- 2013-14e0
- Comparator
- TPR–CTWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in wheat yield due to the DSR + MR – ZTW + RR –ZTSMB + WR was 17.9 and 18.4%, respectively in 2012-13 and 2013-14 over that in TPR–CTW”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential pendimethalin and sulfosulfuron controlled weeds and increased wheat yield attributes and yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- preemergence pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha at 2 days after sowing (DAS) and post-emergence sulfosulfuron 25 g/ha at 30 DASe0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- yield attributes and yield of wheate0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The sequential applications of preemergence pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha at 2 days after sowing (DAS) and post-emergence sulfosulfuron 25 g/ha at 30 DAS resulted in an effective control of weeds, irrespective of zero till (ZT) and conventional till (CT) conditions and gave significantly higher yield attributes and yield of wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend the conservation agriculture practice in similar Indo-Gangetic environments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- recommendation may be adoptede0
- Setting
- Indo-Gangetic plains of Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The recommendation may be adopted in the Indo-Gangetic plains of India with similar climatic and edaphic conditions.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
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