Abstract
Six isolates of Colletotrichum were obtained from naturally infected sweet and hot pepper fruits obtained from greenhouses and open fields collected from Ismailia Governorate. Identification using morphological characterizationindicate that the pathogen are Colletotrichum coccodes. Pathogenicity test of six C.coccodes isolates were tested on wounded and unwounded pepper fruits of Markony Spain hot pepper cultivar. Under lab and greenhouse conditions and in vivo indicate that isolate No.1 obtained from Abo-Swear was the virulent and aggressive one. Reactions of pepper cultivars to be infected by the virulent isolate of C.coccodes under laboratory conditions revealed that Markony cultivar was the most susceptible one followed by red hot pepper of the same cultivar, green 7182, and yellow Derby sweet pepper cultivars. On the other hand, Baramo orange sweet pepper cv. was moderately susceptible to C.coccodes. On the contrary, Ferrari red sweet pepper cv. was resistant to the highest virulent isolate of C. coccodes. In the same time, the rotted area on the fruits increased with increasing the period of incubation at 26±1 oC from 5 to 9 days.Host range reactions of some plant fruits to infect with C.coccodes indicate that the pathogen was able to attack tomato and apple fruits while fruits of eggplant, strawberry, peach, orange, lime, papaya, guava and mango showed no symptoms. Effect of plant extracts on the growth of C.coccodes revealed that garlic at the highest concentration (20%) was found to be the best in the inhibition of fungal growth followed by lime,onion , sweet basil and mint extracts .The fungicides Euparen, Octave and Swtich inhibited the growth of C.coccodes completely at all concentrations tested in vitro ( 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500ppm). Trichoderma harzianum followed by Chaetomium spirale and C. globosum caused considerable reduction of C.coccodes mycelial growth. Hot water treatments of inoculated hot pepper fruits were more effective with increasing the periods of fruit dipping from 2 to 3 minutes and increasing temperature of water from 50oC to55oC but unfortunately the treatments decrease the fruit quality and fruit shelf life. Dipping inoculated pepper fruits in T. harzianum suspension reduced the lesions of anthracnose size compared with the control. Different plant extracts reduced the severity of pepper fruit rots. Lime extract was the effective one in decreasing area infected with C.coccodes followed by Sweet basil, Mint and pepper extracts
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Colletotrichum coccodes was recorded as the cause of pepper anthracnose in Egypt for the first time.
- Taxon
- peppert0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum coccodes
Colletotrichum coccodest0pathogen - Outcome
- pepper anthracnose diseaset0
- Setting
- Egyptt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“FIRST RECORD OF PEPPER ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE CAUSED BY Colletotrichum coccodes IN EGYPT”
e2“Identification using morphological characterizationindicate that the pathogen are Colletotrichum coccodes”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolate No.1 from Abo-Swear was the most virulent and aggressive isolate of C.coccodes on pepper fruits under lab and greenhouse conditions.
- Taxon
- peppert0
- Material
- isolate No.1e3
- Organ / stage
- fruitse0
- Interactor
- C.coccodesColletotrichum coccodese0pathogen
- Outcome
- virulent and aggressivee3
- Setting
- lab and greenhouse conditionse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“FIRST RECORD OF PEPPER ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE CAUSED BY Colletotrichum coccodes IN EGYPT”
e0“Pathogenicity test of six C.coccodes isolates were tested on wounded and unwounded pepper fruits of Markony Spain hot pepper cultivar”
e3“Under lab and greenhouse conditions and in vivo indicate that isolate No.1 obtained from Abo-Swear was the virulent and aggressive one”
Claim · model-written summary
Markony was the most susceptible pepper cultivar to the virulent C.coccodes isolate under laboratory conditions.
- Taxon
- peppere4
- Material
- Markonye4
- Interactor
- C.coccodesColletotrichum coccodese4pathogen
- Outcome
- most susceptible onee4
- Setting
- laboratory conditionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Reactions of pepper cultivars to be infected by the virulent isolate of C.coccodes under laboratory conditions revealed that Markony cultivar was the most susceptible one followed by red hot pepper of the same cultivar, green 7182, and yellow Derby sweet pepper cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Red hot pepper of the same cultivar, green 7182 and yellow Derby sweet pepper were susceptible, after Markony.
- Taxon
- peppere4
- Material
- green 7182, and yellow Derby sweet pepper cultivarse4
- Interactor
- C.coccodesColletotrichum coccodese4pathogen
- Outcome
- susceptiblee4
- Comparator
- Markony cultivare4
- Setting
- laboratory conditionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Reactions of pepper cultivars to be infected by the virulent isolate of C.coccodes under laboratory conditions revealed that Markony cultivar was the most susceptible one followed by red hot pepper of the same cultivar, green 7182, and yellow Derby sweet pepper cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Baramo orange sweet pepper was moderately susceptible to C.coccodes.
- Taxon
- peppere5
- Material
- Baramo orange sweet pepper cv.e5
- Interactor
- C.coccodesColletotrichum coccodese5pathogen
- Outcome
- moderately susceptiblee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Baramo orange sweet pepper cv. was moderately susceptible to C.coccodes”
Claim · model-written summary
Ferrari red sweet pepper was resistant to the highest virulent isolate of C. coccodes.
- Taxon
- peppere6
- Material
- Ferrari red sweet pepper cv.e6
- Interactor
- C. coccodesColletotrichum coccodese6pathogen
- Outcome
- resistante6
- Qualifier
- to the highest virulent isolatee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Ferrari red sweet pepper cv. was resistant to the highest virulent isolate of C. coccodes”
Claim · model-written summary
The rotted area on pepper fruits increased with a longer incubation period at 26±1 oC from 5 to 9 days.
- Taxon
- peppert0
- Treatment
- period of incubation at 26±1 oCe7
- Outcome
- rotted area on the fruitse7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- from 5 to 9 dayse7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“FIRST RECORD OF PEPPER ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE CAUSED BY Colletotrichum coccodes IN EGYPT”
e7“the rotted area on the fruits increased with increasing the period of incubation at 26±1 oC from 5 to 9 days”
Claim · model-written summary
C.coccodes was able to attack tomato fruits.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- fruitse0
- Interactor
- C.coccodesColletotrichum coccodese0pathogen
- Outcome
- able to attacke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Host range reactions of some plant fruits to infect with C.coccodes indicate that the pathogen was able to attack tomato and apple fruits while fruits of eggplant, strawberry, peach, orange, lime, papaya, guava and mango showed no symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
C.coccodes was able to attack apple fruits.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Organ / stage
- fruitse0
- Interactor
- C.coccodesColletotrichum coccodese0pathogen
- Outcome
- able to attacke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Host range reactions of some plant fruits to infect with C.coccodes indicate that the pathogen was able to attack tomato and apple fruits while fruits of eggplant, strawberry, peach, orange, lime, papaya, guava and mango showed no symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruits of eggplant, strawberry, peach, orange, lime, papaya, guava and mango showed no symptoms of C.coccodes.
- Taxon
- eggplant, strawberry, peach, orange, lime, papaya, guava and mangoe0
- Interactor
- C.coccodesColletotrichum coccodese0pathogen
- Outcome
- showed no symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Host range reactions of some plant fruits to infect with C.coccodes indicate that the pathogen was able to attack tomato and apple fruits while fruits of eggplant, strawberry, peach, orange, lime, papaya, guava and mango showed no symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract at 20% was the most effective plant extract in inhibiting C.coccodes growth in vitro.
- Taxon
- peppert0
- Treatment
- garlic at the highest concentration (20%)e1
- Interactor
- C.coccodesColletotrichum coccodese2pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibition of fungal growthe1
- Direction
- beste1
- Comparator
- sweet basil and mint extractse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“FIRST RECORD OF PEPPER ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE CAUSED BY Colletotrichum coccodes IN EGYPT”
e1“garlic at the highest concentration (20%) was found to be the best in the inhibition of fungal growth followed by lime,onion , sweet basil and mint extracts”
e2“Effect of plant extracts on the growth of C.coccodes”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungicides Euparen, Octave and Swtich completely inhibited C.coccodes growth in vitro at all tested concentrations.
- Taxon
- peppert0
- Treatment
- Euparen, Octave and Swtiche1
- Interactor
- C.coccodesColletotrichum coccodese1pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of C.coccodese1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Qualifier
- completely at all concentrations tested in vitroe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“FIRST RECORD OF PEPPER ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE CAUSED BY Colletotrichum coccodes IN EGYPT”
e1“The fungicides Euparen, Octave and Swtich inhibited the growth of C.coccodes completely at all concentrations tested in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma harzianum considerably reduced C.coccodes mycelial growth.
- Taxon
- peppert0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma harzianume1
- Interactor
- C.coccodesColletotrichum coccodese1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- mycelial growthe1
- Direction
- reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“FIRST RECORD OF PEPPER ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE CAUSED BY Colletotrichum coccodes IN EGYPT”
e1“Trichoderma harzianum followed by Chaetomium spirale and C. globosum caused considerable reduction of C.coccodes mycelial growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Chaetomium spirale considerably reduced C.coccodes mycelial growth.
- Taxon
- peppert0
- Treatment
- Chaetomium spiralee1
- Interactor
- C.coccodesColletotrichum coccodese1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Chaetomium spiralee1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mycelial growthe1
- Direction
- reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“FIRST RECORD OF PEPPER ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE CAUSED BY Colletotrichum coccodes IN EGYPT”
e1“Trichoderma harzianum followed by Chaetomium spirale and C. globosum caused considerable reduction of C.coccodes mycelial growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Chaetomium globosum considerably reduced C.coccodes mycelial growth.
- Taxon
- peppert0
- Treatment
- C. globosume1
- Interactor
- C.coccodesColletotrichum coccodese1pathogen
- Second interactor
- C. globosum
Chaetomium globosume1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- mycelial growthe1
- Direction
- reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“FIRST RECORD OF PEPPER ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE CAUSED BY Colletotrichum coccodes IN EGYPT”
e1“Trichoderma harzianum followed by Chaetomium spirale and C. globosum caused considerable reduction of C.coccodes mycelial growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Hot water treatments were more effective on inoculated hot pepper fruits with longer dipping periods.
- Taxon
- hot pepper
Capsicum frutescense0 - Treatment
- Hot water treatmentse0
- Outcome
- effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Qualifier
- increasing the periods of fruit dipping from 2 to 3 minutese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hot water treatments of inoculated hot pepper fruits were more effective with increasing the periods of fruit dipping from 2 to 3 minutes and increasing temperature of water from 50oC to55oC but unfortunately the treatments decrease the fruit quality and fruit shelf life”
Claim · model-written summary
Hot water treatments decreased fruit quality and fruit shelf life.
- Taxon
- hot pepperCapsicum frutescense0
- Treatment
- Hot water treatmentse0
- Outcome
- fruit quality and fruit shelf lifee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hot water treatments of inoculated hot pepper fruits were more effective with increasing the periods of fruit dipping from 2 to 3 minutes and increasing temperature of water from 50oC to55oC but unfortunately the treatments decrease the fruit quality and fruit shelf life”
Claim · model-written summary
Dipping inoculated pepper fruits in T. harzianum suspension reduced anthracnose lesion size compared with the control.
- Taxon
- peppere1
- Treatment
- Dipping inoculated pepper fruits in T. harzianum suspensione1
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum coccodesColletotrichum coccodest0pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- lesions of anthracnose sizee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“FIRST RECORD OF PEPPER ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE CAUSED BY Colletotrichum coccodes IN EGYPT”
e1“Dipping inoculated pepper fruits in T. harzianum suspension reduced the lesions of anthracnose size compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Different plant extracts reduced the severity of pepper fruit rots.
- Taxon
- peppere0
- Treatment
- Different plant extractse0
- Outcome
- severity of pepper fruit rotse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Different plant extracts reduced the severity of pepper fruit rots”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime extract was the most effective extract in decreasing the area infected with C.coccodes, ahead of sweet basil, mint and pepper extracts.
- Taxon
- peppert0
- Treatment
- Lime extracte1
- Interactor
- C.coccodesColletotrichum coccodese1pathogen
- Outcome
- area infected with C.coccodese1
- Direction
- decreasinge1
- Comparator
- Sweet basil, Mint and pepper extractse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“FIRST RECORD OF PEPPER ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE CAUSED BY Colletotrichum coccodes IN EGYPT”
e1“Lime extract was the effective one in decreasing area infected with C.coccodes followed by Sweet basil, Mint and pepper extracts”
The same questions in other papers
heat · quality: postharvest · Capsicum frutescens (hot pepper)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.