Abstract
Salinity stress as a major abiotic stress has influenced more than 6% of the world land which is increasing daily due to climate changes. The effect of salinity on callus regeneration and organogenesis of date palm was tested under in vitro conditions. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of salt stress on callus proliferation, somatic embryo formation of 'Hayani' date palm in vitro. The embryogenic callus was subjected to MS medium with BA at 0.05 mg/l and NAA at 0.1 mg/l supplied with different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations (0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm) for 2 subcultures. Salinity affects several physiological and biochemical processes. The investigated parameters include embryogenic callus growth, differentiation to form somatic embryos, fresh weight of both callus and embryos, biochemical analysis such as total carbohydrates, proline, protein content and minerals in embryogenic callus and somatic embryos. Low levels of abiotic stress factors can induce favorable responses in the growth and differentiation. However, high levels are detrimental resulting in reduced growth and some cell death. The callus fresh weight and the number of embryos were enhanced by adding 500 and 1000 ppm NaCl to the proliferation medium; higher salt concentrations affected the callus regeneration negatively, where at 2000 ppm NaCl the less somatic embryos were formed. High concentrations of NaCl (1500 and 2000 ppm) decreased total soluble carbohydrates in both embryogenic callus and somatic embryos, proline content increased gradually as the external concentration of NaCl increased and the protein content decreased in both embryogenic callus and somatic embryos with the increase of NaCl concentration in culture media to 2000 ppm. Salinity inhibits water uptake and increases the concentration of toxic ions such as Na + and reduced the K + content. Tissue culture with the use of this technique would allow selection for salt tolerance in the date palm. In fact, somatic embryos subjected to 500 and 1000 ppm NaCl concentrations were successfully regenerated into plantlets.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
At 500 and 1000 ppm NaCl, callus fresh weight increased.
- Taxon
- date palm
Phoenix dactyliferat0 - Treatment
- 500 and 1000 ppm NaCle0
- Outcome
- callus fresh weighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The callus fresh weight and the number of embryos were enhanced by adding 500 and 1000 ppm NaCl to the proliferation medium”
t0“of 'Hayani' date palm in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
At 500 and 1000 ppm NaCl, embryo number increased.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- 500 and 1000 ppm NaCle0
- Outcome
- number of embryose0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The callus fresh weight and the number of embryos were enhanced by adding 500 and 1000 ppm NaCl to the proliferation medium”
t0“of 'Hayani' date palm in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2000 ppm NaCl, fewer somatic embryos formed.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- 2000 ppm NaCle0
- Outcome
- somatic embryose0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 2000 ppm NaCl the less somatic embryos were formed.”
t0“of 'Hayani' date palm in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
High NaCl decreased soluble carbohydrates in callus and embryos.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Organ / stage
- embryogenic callus and somatic embryose0
- Treatment
- NaCl (1500 and 2000 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- total soluble carbohydratese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High concentrations of NaCl (1500 and 2000 ppm) decreased total soluble carbohydrates in both embryogenic callus and somatic embryos”
t0“of 'Hayani' date palm in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline increased gradually with external NaCl concentration.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- external concentration of NaCle0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proline content increased gradually as the external concentration of NaCl increased”
t0“of 'Hayani' date palm in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein content decreased as NaCl rose to 2000 ppm.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Organ / stage
- embryogenic callus and somatic embryose0
- Treatment
- NaCl concentration in culture media to 2000 ppme0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the protein content decreased in both embryogenic callus and somatic embryos with the increase of NaCl concentration in culture media to 2000 ppm.”
t0“of 'Hayani' date palm in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity inhibited water uptake.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- water uptakee0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity inhibits water uptake and increases the concentration of toxic ions such as Na + and reduced the K + content.”
t0“of 'Hayani' date palm in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased toxic ion concentration.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- concentration of toxic ions such as Na +e0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity inhibits water uptake and increases the concentration of toxic ions such as Na + and reduced the K + content.”
t0“of 'Hayani' date palm in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced K+ content.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- K + contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity inhibits water uptake and increases the concentration of toxic ions such as Na + and reduced the K + content.”
t0“of 'Hayani' date palm in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Somatic embryos exposed to 500 and 1000 ppm NaCl regenerated into plantlets.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Organ / stage
- somatic embryose0
- Treatment
- 500 and 1000 ppm NaCle0
- Outcome
- successfully regenerated into plantletse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“somatic embryos subjected to 500 and 1000 ppm NaCl concentrations were successfully regenerated into plantlets.”
t0“of 'Hayani' date palm in vitro”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · growth · Phoenix dactylifera (date palm)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →salinity · physiology: water · Phoenix dactylifera (date palm)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →salinity · molecular: metabolites · Phoenix dactylifera (date palm)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.