Abstract
Salinity episodes that are common in arid regions, characterized by dryland, are adversely affecting crop production worldwide. This study evaluated the effectiveness of brassinolide (BL) in ameliorating salinity stress imposed on soybean at four levels (control (1.10), 32.40, 60.60 and 86.30 mM/L NaCl) in factorial combination with six BL application frequency (control (BL0), application at seedling (BL1), flowering (BL2), podding (BL3), seedling + flowering (BL4) and seedling + flowering + podding (BL5)) stages. Plant growth attributes, seed yield, and N, P, K, Ca and Mg partitioning to leaves, stems and roots, as well as protein and seed-N concentrations, were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced by salinity stress. These trends were ascribed to considerable impairments in the photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetically active radiation, leaf stomatal conductance and relative water content in the leaves of seedlings under stress. The activity of peroxidase and superoxidase significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased with salinity. Foliar spray with BL significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved the photosynthetic attributes, as well as nutrient partitioning, under stress, and alleviated ion toxicity by maintaining a favourable K+/Na+ ratio and decreasing oxidative damage. Foliar spray with brassinolide could sustain soybean growth and seed yield at salt concentrations up to 60.60 mM/L NaCl.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly reduced growth attributes and seed yield.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- Plant growth attributes, seed yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant growth attributes, seed yield, and N, P, K, Ca and Mg partitioning to leaves, stems and roots, as well as protein and seed-N concentrations, were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced by salinity stress”
t0“soybean at four levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly reduced mineral partitioning to leaves, stems and roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- N, P, K, Ca and Mg partitioning to leaves, stems and rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N, P, K, Ca and Mg partitioning to leaves, stems and roots, as well as protein and seed-N concentrations, were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced by salinity stress”
t0“soybean at four levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly reduced seed protein and nitrogen concentrations.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- protein and seed-N concentrationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“protein and seed-N concentrations, were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced by salinity stress”
t0“soybean at four levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress impaired photosynthetic pigments, radiation capture and stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- stresse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetically active radiation, leaf stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- impairmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“considerable impairments in the photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetically active radiation, leaf stomatal conductance and relative water content in the leaves of seedlings under stress”
t0“soybean at four levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress impaired relative water content of seedling leaves.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- stresse1
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- impairmentse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative water content in the leaves of seedlings under stress”
t0“soybean at four levels”
e1“considerable impairments in the photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetically active radiation, leaf stomatal conductance and relative water content in the leaves of seedlings under stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase and superoxidase activity increased significantly under salinity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- activity of peroxidase and superoxidasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of peroxidase and superoxidase significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased with salinity”
t0“soybean at four levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinolide spray significantly improved photosynthetic attributes under stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray with BLe0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic attributese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray with BL significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved the photosynthetic attributes, as well as nutrient partitioning, under stress”
t0“soybean at four levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinolide spray significantly improved nutrient partitioning under stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray with BLe0
- Outcome
- nutrient partitioninge0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray with BL significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved the photosynthetic attributes, as well as nutrient partitioning, under stress”
t0“soybean at four levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinolide spray alleviated ion toxicity and oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray with BLe1
- Outcome
- ion toxicitye0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alleviated ion toxicity by maintaining a favourable K+/Na+ ratio and decreasing oxidative damage”
t0“soybean at four levels”
e1“Foliar spray with BL significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved the photosynthetic attributes, as well as nutrient partitioning, under stress, and alleviated ion toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinolide spray decreased oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray with BLe1
- Outcome
- oxidative damagee0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreasing oxidative damage”
t0“soybean at four levels”
e1“Foliar spray with BL significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved the photosynthetic attributes, as well as nutrient partitioning, under stress, and alleviated ion toxicity by maintaining a favourable K+/Na+ ratio and decreasing oxidative damage”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that brassinolide spray could sustain soybean growth and seed yield up to 60.60 mM/L NaCl.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray with brassinolidee0
- Outcome
- soybean growth and seed yielde0
- Qualifier
- up to 60.60 mM/L NaCle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray with brassinolide could sustain soybean growth and seed yield at salt concentrations up to 60.60 mM/L NaCl”
The same questions in other papers
brassinolide · pest · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
brassinolide · nutrient: content · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
brassinolide · physiology: photosynthesis · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
brassinolide · physiology: oxidative · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
salinity · quality: protein · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
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See all 11 papers →salinity · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
41 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
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See all 45 papers →salinity · nutrient: content · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
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See all 20 papers →application · physiology: oxidative · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.