Abstract
Salinity episodes that are common in arid regions, characterized by dryland, are adversely affecting crop production worldwide. This study evaluated the effectiveness of brassinolide (BL) in ameliorating salinity stress imposed on soybean at four levels (control (1.10), 32.40, 60.60 and 86.30 mM/L NaCl) in factorial combination with six BL application frequency (control (BL0), application at seedling (BL1), flowering (BL2), podding (BL3), seedling + flowering (BL4) and seedling + flowering + podding (BL5)) stages. Plant growth attributes, seed yield, and N, P, K, Ca and Mg partitioning to leaves, stems and roots, as well as protein and seed-N concentrations, were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced by salinity stress. These trends were ascribed to considerable impairments in the photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetically active radiation, leaf stomatal conductance and relative water content in the leaves of seedlings under stress. The activity of peroxidase and superoxidase significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased with salinity. Foliar spray with BL significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved the photosynthetic attributes, as well as nutrient partitioning, under stress, and alleviated ion toxicity by maintaining a favourable K+/Na+ ratio and decreasing oxidative damage. Foliar spray with brassinolide could sustain soybean growth and seed yield at salt concentrations up to 60.60 mM/L NaCl.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly reduced soybean growth attributes and seed yield.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- Plant growth attributes, seed yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant growth attributes, seed yield, and N, P, K, Ca and Mg partitioning to leaves, stems and roots, as well as protein and seed-N concentrations, were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced by salinity stress.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly reduced N, P, K, Ca and Mg partitioning.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- N, P, K, Ca and Mg partitioning to leaves, stems and rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant growth attributes, seed yield, and N, P, K, Ca and Mg partitioning to leaves, stems and roots, as well as protein and seed-N concentrations, were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced by salinity stress.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly reduced protein and seed-N concentrations.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- protein and seed-N concentrationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant growth attributes, seed yield, and N, P, K, Ca and Mg partitioning to leaves, stems and roots, as well as protein and seed-N concentrations, were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced by salinity stress.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity impaired pigments, photosynthetically active radiation, conductance and leaf water content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- stresse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetically active radiation, leaf stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- impairmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“considerable impairments in the photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetically active radiation, leaf stomatal conductance and relative water content in the leaves of seedlings under stress.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly increased peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Gene
- peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- activity of peroxidasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of peroxidase and superoxidase significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased with salinity.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly increased superoxidase activity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Gene
- superoxidasee0
- Outcome
- superoxidasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of peroxidase and superoxidase significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased with salinity.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinolide spray significantly improved photosynthetic attributes under stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray with BLe0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic attributese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray with BL significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved the photosynthetic attributes, as well as nutrient partitioning, under stress”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinolide spray significantly improved nutrient partitioning under stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray with BLe0
- Outcome
- nutrient partitioninge0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray with BL significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved the photosynthetic attributes, as well as nutrient partitioning, under stress”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinolide alleviated ion toxicity by maintaining a favorable K+/Na+ ratio.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- brassinolidee1
- Outcome
- ion toxicitye0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Qualifier
- maintaining a favourable K+/Na+ ratioe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alleviated ion toxicity by maintaining a favourable K+/Na+ ratio”
t0“soybean”
e1“Foliar spray with brassinolide could sustain soybean growth and seed yield at salt concentrations up to 60.60 mM/L NaCl.”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinolide decreased oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- brassinolidee1
- Outcome
- oxidative damagee0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreasing oxidative damage.”
t0“soybean”
e1“Foliar spray with brassinolide could sustain soybean growth and seed yield at salt concentrations up to 60.60 mM/L NaCl.”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinolide spray could sustain soybean growth up to 60.60 mM/L NaCl.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray with brassinolidee0
- Outcome
- soybean growthe0
- Direction
- sustaine0
- Qualifier
- up to 60.60 mM/L NaCle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray with brassinolide could sustain soybean growth and seed yield at salt concentrations up to 60.60 mM/L NaCl.”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinolide spray could sustain soybean seed yield up to 60.60 mM/L NaCl.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray with brassinolidee0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- sustaine0
- Qualifier
- up to 60.60 mM/L NaCle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray with brassinolide could sustain soybean growth and seed yield at salt concentrations up to 60.60 mM/L NaCl.”
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See all 36 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.