Abstract
The ameliorative effect of fulvic acid(0, 300, and 600 mg L-1) on photosystem II and antioxidant enzyme activity of the rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) plant under water stress(60, 100, and 140 mm evaporation from class A pan) was studied using split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results indicated that application of fulvic acid(FA) improved the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII(Fv/Fm)and performance index(PI) of plants under both well-watered and limited-water conditions. The time span from Foto Fmand the energy necessary for the closure of all reaction centers was significantly increased, but the size of the plastoquinone pool was reduced with increasing water stress levels. Plants treated with FA had higher peroxidase and catalase activities under all irrigation conditions. Activities of ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in plants increased with increasing water stress. Malondialdehyde increased under severe water stress, but application of FA significantly decreased lipid peroxidation. Production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) is a common phenomenon in plants under stress. Under this condition, the balance between the production of ROS and the quenching activity of antioxidants is upset, often resulting in oxidative damage. In this study, application of FA significantly increased fluorescence of chlorophyll a, inhibiting ROS production and enhancing antioxidant enzymes activity that destroyed ROS. Thus, ROS in plant cells was reduced under water stress by application of FA and consequently lipid peroxidation was reduced.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Fulvic acid improved maximum PSII quantum efficiency under both water regimes.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napuse1 - Treatment
- fulvic acid(FA)e0
- Outcome
- maximum quantum efficiency of PSII(Fv/Fm)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under both well-watered and limited-water conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“application of fulvic acid(FA) improved the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII(Fv/Fm)and performance index(PI) of plants under both well-watered and limited-water conditions”
e1“rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fulvic acid improved the performance index under both water regimes.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.Brassica napuse1
- Treatment
- fulvic acid(FA)e0
- Outcome
- performance index(PI)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under both well-watered and limited-water conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of fulvic acid(FA) improved the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII(Fv/Fm)and performance index(PI) of plants under both well-watered and limited-water conditions”
e1“rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing water stress significantly increased the time span from Fo to Fm.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.Brassica napuse1
- Treatment
- increasing water stress levelse0
- Outcome
- time span from Foto Fme0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The time span from Foto Fmand the energy necessary for the closure of all reaction centers was significantly increased, but the size of the plastoquinone pool was reduced with increasing water stress levels”
e1“rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing water stress significantly increased energy required for reaction center closure.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.Brassica napuse1
- Treatment
- increasing water stress levelse0
- Outcome
- energy necessary for the closure of all reaction centerse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the energy necessary for the closure of all reaction centers was significantly increased, but the size of the plastoquinone pool was reduced with increasing water stress levels”
e1“rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing water stress reduced plastoquinone pool size.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.Brassica napuse1
- Treatment
- increasing water stress levelse0
- Outcome
- size of the plastoquinone poole0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the size of the plastoquinone pool was reduced with increasing water stress levels”
e1“rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fulvic acid increased peroxidase activity under all irrigation conditions.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.Brassica napuse1
- Treatment
- FAe0
- Outcome
- peroxidasee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- under all irrigation conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants treated with FA had higher peroxidase and catalase activities under all irrigation conditions”
e1“rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fulvic acid increased catalase activity under all irrigation conditions.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.Brassica napuse1
- Treatment
- FAe0
- Outcome
- catalase activitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- under all irrigation conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants treated with FA had higher peroxidase and catalase activities under all irrigation conditions”
e1“rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate peroxidase activity increased with water stress.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.Brassica napuse1
- Treatment
- increasing water stresse0
- Outcome
- Activities of ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activities of ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in plants increased with increasing water stress”
e1“rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide dismutase activity increased with water stress.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.Brassica napuse1
- Treatment
- increasing water stresse0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activities of ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in plants increased with increasing water stress”
e1“rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Malondialdehyde increased under severe water stress.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.Brassica napuse1
- Treatment
- severe water stresse0
- Outcome
- Malondialdehydee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malondialdehyde increased under severe water stress”
e1“rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fulvic acid significantly reduced lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.Brassica napuse1
- Treatment
- FAe0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of FA significantly decreased lipid peroxidation”
e1“rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fulvic acid significantly increased chlorophyll a fluorescence.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.Brassica napuse1
- Treatment
- FAe0
- Outcome
- fluorescence of chlorophyll ae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of FA significantly increased fluorescence of chlorophyll a”
e1“rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed reduced reactive oxygen species to fulvic acid under water stress.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.Brassica napuse1
- Treatment
- FAe0
- Outcome
- ROS in plant cellse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ROS in plant cells was reduced under water stress by application of FA”
e1“rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed lower lipid peroxidation to fulvic acid reducing ROS.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus L.Brassica napuse1
- Treatment
- FAe0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- ROS in plant cells was reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ROS in plant cells was reduced under water stress by application of FA and consequently lipid peroxidation was reduced”
e1“rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)”
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