Abstract
AIMS: The present research aimed to examine the use of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) in combination with phyto-beneficial rhizobacterium (PhBR) for improvement of applied N recovery (ANR) from urea fertilizer in rice grown under deficient and optimum watering conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 was positive for acetylene reduction, phosphate solubilization and ACC deaminase activity at temperature ranges 35-45°C. In a pot experiment, urea, MNPs and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 were applied either alone or in combination to rice plants grown in pots under water deficit and optimal watering conditions. Combined application of urea, MNPs and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 increased the plant N content and ANR by 27 and 65%, respectively, over their respective control values in rice grown under optimum watering conditions, whereas these increases were 27 and 41%, respectively, in rice grown under water deficit conditions. This treatment also increased the kernel weight and plant dry matter by 36 and 60%, respectively, over control (urea alone) values in rice grown under water deficit conditions, whereas these increases were 31 and 21·8%, respectively, in rice grown under optimum watering conditions. Values of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase and ethylene concentration were higher in control treatment under both the watering regimes. The application of Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 either alone or in combination with MNPs and urea reduced MDA contents, APX, catalase and ethylene production in the rice plants. CONCLUSION: The combined application of MNPs+Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 reduced the N losses from applied urea, increased N uptake and ANR in rice, decreased MDA contents, APX and catalase activity and ethylene level in rice grown under deficit and optimum water conditions. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The application of MNPs together with Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 may help to increase ANR and rice productivity under water deficit conditions with low cost of production.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Combined urea, magnetite nanoparticles and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 increased rice plant N content by 27% over control values under optimum watering.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- Combined application of urea, MNPs and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2e1
- Interactor
- Bacillus sp. MR-1/2e1symbiont
- Outcome
- plant N contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 27e1
- Qualifier
- optimum watering conditionse1
- Comparator
- their respective control valuese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Combined application of urea, MNPs and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 increased the plant N content and ANR by 27 and 65%, respectively, over their respective control values in rice grown under optimum watering conditions, whereas these increases were 27 and 41%, respectively, in rice grown under water deficit conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined urea, MNPs and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 increased applied N recovery (ANR) of rice by 65% over control values under optimum watering.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Combined application of urea, MNPs and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2e1
- Interactor
- Bacillus sp. MR-1/2e1symbiont
- Outcome
- ANRe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 65%e1
- Qualifier
- optimum watering conditionse1
- Comparator
- their respective control valuese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Combined application of urea, MNPs and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 increased the plant N content and ANR by 27 and 65%, respectively, over their respective control values in rice grown under optimum watering conditions, whereas these increases were 27 and 41%, respectively, in rice grown under water deficit conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined urea, MNPs and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 increased rice plant N content by 27% over control values under water deficit.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Combined application of urea, MNPs and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2e1
- Interactor
- Bacillus sp. MR-1/2e1symbiont
- Outcome
- plant N contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 27e1
- Qualifier
- water deficit conditionse1
- Comparator
- their respective control valuese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Combined application of urea, MNPs and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 increased the plant N content and ANR by 27 and 65%, respectively, over their respective control values in rice grown under optimum watering conditions, whereas these increases were 27 and 41%, respectively, in rice grown under water deficit conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined urea, MNPs and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 increased rice ANR by 41% over control values under water deficit.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Combined application of urea, MNPs and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2e1
- Interactor
- Bacillus sp. MR-1/2e1symbiont
- Outcome
- ANRe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 41%e1
- Qualifier
- water deficit conditionse1
- Comparator
- their respective control valuese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Combined application of urea, MNPs and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 increased the plant N content and ANR by 27 and 65%, respectively, over their respective control values in rice grown under optimum watering conditions, whereas these increases were 27 and 41%, respectively, in rice grown under water deficit conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased rice kernel weight by 36% over urea alone under water deficit.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Combined application of urea, MNPs and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2e1
- Interactor
- Bacillus sp. MR-1/2e1symbiont
- Outcome
- kernel weighte2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 36e2
- Qualifier
- water deficit conditionse2
- Comparator
- control (urea alone)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Combined application of urea, MNPs and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2”
e2“This treatment also increased the kernel weight and plant dry matter by 36 and 60%, respectively, over control (urea alone) values in rice grown under water deficit conditions, whereas these increases were 31 and 21·8%, respectively, in rice grown under optimum watering conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased rice plant dry matter by 60% over urea alone under water deficit.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Combined application of urea, MNPs and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2e1
- Interactor
- Bacillus sp. MR-1/2e1symbiont
- Outcome
- plant dry mattere2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 60%e2
- Qualifier
- water deficit conditionse2
- Comparator
- control (urea alone)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Combined application of urea, MNPs and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2”
e2“This treatment also increased the kernel weight and plant dry matter by 36 and 60%, respectively, over control (urea alone) values in rice grown under water deficit conditions, whereas these increases were 31 and 21·8%, respectively, in rice grown under optimum watering conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased rice kernel weight by 31% over urea alone under optimum watering.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Combined application of urea, MNPs and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2e1
- Interactor
- Bacillus sp. MR-1/2e1symbiont
- Outcome
- kernel weighte2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 31e2
- Qualifier
- optimum watering conditionse2
- Comparator
- control (urea alone)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Combined application of urea, MNPs and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2”
e2“This treatment also increased the kernel weight and plant dry matter by 36 and 60%, respectively, over control (urea alone) values in rice grown under water deficit conditions, whereas these increases were 31 and 21·8%, respectively, in rice grown under optimum watering conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased rice plant dry matter by 21.8% over urea alone under optimum watering.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Combined application of urea, MNPs and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2e1
- Interactor
- Bacillus sp. MR-1/2e1symbiont
- Outcome
- plant dry mattere2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 21·8%e2
- Qualifier
- optimum watering conditionse2
- Comparator
- control (urea alone)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Combined application of urea, MNPs and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2”
e2“This treatment also increased the kernel weight and plant dry matter by 36 and 60%, respectively, over control (urea alone) values in rice grown under water deficit conditions, whereas these increases were 31 and 21·8%, respectively, in rice grown under optimum watering conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying Bacillus sp. MR-1/2, alone or with MNPs and urea, reduced MDA content, APX and catalase in rice plants.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- application of Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 either alone or in combination with MNPs and ureae1
- Interactor
- Bacillus sp. MR-1/2e1symbiont
- Outcome
- MDA contents, APX, catalasee1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The application of Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 either alone or in combination with MNPs and urea reduced MDA contents, APX, catalase and ethylene production in the rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying Bacillus sp. MR-1/2, alone or with MNPs and urea, reduced ethylene production in rice plants.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- application of Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 either alone or in combination with MNPs and ureae1
- Interactor
- Bacillus sp. MR-1/2e1symbiont
- Outcome
- ethylene productione1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The application of Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 either alone or in combination with MNPs and urea reduced MDA contents, APX, catalase and ethylene production in the rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined MNPs and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 reduced N losses from applied urea in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- combined application of MNPs+Bacillus sp. MR-1/2e1
- Interactor
- Bacillus sp. MR-1/2e1symbiont
- Outcome
- N losses from applied ureae1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The combined application of MNPs+Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 reduced the N losses from applied urea, increased N uptake and ANR in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined MNPs and Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 increased N uptake in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- combined application of MNPs+Bacillus sp. MR-1/2e1
- Interactor
- Bacillus sp. MR-1/2e1symbiont
- Outcome
- N uptakee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The combined application of MNPs+Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 reduced the N losses from applied urea, increased N uptake and ANR in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 was positive for acetylene reduction, phosphate solubilization and ACC deaminase activity at 35-45 degrees C.
Verbatim
e1“The Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 was positive for acetylene reduction, phosphate solubilization and ACC deaminase activity at temperature ranges 35-45°C”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that MNPs together with Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 may help increase ANR and rice productivity under water deficit at low production cost.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- ANR and rice productivitye1
- Qualifier
- water deficit conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The application of MNPs together with Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 may help to increase ANR and rice productivity under water deficit conditions with low cost of production”
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