Abstract
Sustainable management strategies are needed to improve agronomic efficiency and cereal yield production under harsh abiotic climatic conditions such as in tropical Savannah. Under these environments, field-grown crops are usually exposed to drought and high temperature conditions. Silicon (Si) application could be a useful and sustainable strategy to enhance agronomic N use efficiency, leading to better cereal development. This study was developed to explore the effect of Si application as a soil amendment source (Ca and Mg silicate) associated with N levels applied in a side-dressing (control, low, medium and high N levels) on maize and wheat development, N uptake, agronomic efficiency and grain yield. The field experiments were carried out during four cropping seasons, using two soil amendment sources (Ca and Mg silicate and dolomitic limestone) and four N levels (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg N ha−1). The following evaluations were performed in maize and wheat crops: the shoots and roots biomass, total N, N-NO3−, N-NH4+ and Si accumulation in the shoots, roots and grain tissue, leaf chlorophyll index, grain yield and agronomic efficiency. The silicon amendment application enhanced leaf chlorophyll index, agronomic efficiency and N-uptake in maize and wheat plants, benefiting shoots and roots development and leading to a higher grain yield (an increase of 5.2 and 7.6%, respectively). It would be possible to reduce N fertilization in maize from 185–180 to 100 kg N ha−1 while maintaining similar grain yield with Si application. Additionally, Si application would reduce N fertilization in wheat from 195–200 to 100 kg N ha−1. Silicon application could be a key technology for improving plant-soil N-management, especially in Si accumulator crops, leading to a more sustainable cereal production under tropical conditions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon amendment enhanced maize leaf chlorophyll index.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silicon Amendment Enhances Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize and Wheat Crops”
e0“The silicon amendment application enhanced leaf chlorophyll index, agronomic efficiency and N-uptake in maize and wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon amendment enhanced wheat leaf chlorophyll index.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- silicon amendment applicatione0
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll indexe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silicon Amendment Enhances Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize and Wheat Crops”
e0“The silicon amendment application enhanced leaf chlorophyll index, agronomic efficiency and N-uptake in maize and wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon amendment enhanced maize agronomic efficiency and N uptake.
- Treatment
- silicon amendment applicatione0
- Outcome
- agronomic efficiency and N-uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silicon Amendment Enhances Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize and Wheat Crops”
e0“The silicon amendment application enhanced leaf chlorophyll index, agronomic efficiency and N-uptake in maize and wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon amendment enhanced wheat agronomic efficiency and N uptake.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- silicon amendment applicatione0
- Outcome
- agronomic efficiency and N-uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silicon Amendment Enhances Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize and Wheat Crops”
e0“The silicon amendment application enhanced leaf chlorophyll index, agronomic efficiency and N-uptake in maize and wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon amendment benefited shoot and root development in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silicon Amendment Enhances Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize and Wheat Crops”
e0“benefiting shoots and roots development”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon amendment benefited shoot and root development in wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Silicont0
- Outcome
- shoots and roots developmente0
- Direction
- benefitinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silicon Amendment Enhances Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize and Wheat Crops”
e0“benefiting shoots and roots development”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon amendment increased maize grain yield by 5.2%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silicon Amendment Enhances Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize and Wheat Crops”
e0“leading to a higher grain yield (an increase of 5.2 and 7.6%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon amendment increased wheat grain yield by 7.6%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silicon Amendment Enhances Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize and Wheat Crops”
e0“leading to a higher grain yield (an increase of 5.2 and 7.6%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
With silicon, maize nitrogen fertilizer could be reduced from 185–180 to 100 kg N ha−1 while maintaining yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silicon Amendment Enhances Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize and Wheat Crops”
e0“reduce N fertilization in maize from 185–180 to 100 kg N ha−1 while maintaining similar grain yield with Si application”
Claim · model-written summary
With silicon, wheat nitrogen fertilizer could be reduced from 195–200 to 100 kg N ha−1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Si applicatione0
- Outcome
- reduce N fertilizatione0
- Value
- 100 kg N ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silicon Amendment Enhances Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize and Wheat Crops”
e0“Si application would reduce N fertilization in wheat from 195–200 to 100 kg N ha−1”
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8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.