Abstract
Today, maintaining the quantity and quality of irrigation water are the most critical challenges in the agriculture system, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Accordingly, to evaluate the growth and yield responses of bread wheat (Sirvan cultivar) to different levels of deficit irrigation and water salinity, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Research Field of Agriculture Faculty of the University of Birjand, at Birjand (east of Iran) during the growing seasons of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. The experimental treatments included irrigation at five levels (125, 100, 75, and 50% of wheat water requirement and rain-fed with two supplementary irrigation at the first growing season) and saline water at two levels (1.6 dS/m and 6 dS/m). The results showed that growth characteristics, yield components, biological yield, and grain yield were affected by deficit irrigation water and saline water. These treatments significantly reduced all of the measured traits. The lowest leaf area was observed in rain-fed with 6 dS/m saline water treatment, which suppressed this trait by 61% compared to 125% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m saline water treatment. The highest and the lowest biological yield and grain yield were observed in 125% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m saline water and rain-fed with 6 dS/m saline water treatments, respectively. Non-significant differences were observed in biological and grain yield between 125% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m saline water and 100% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m saline water treatments. Biological yield and grain yield were decreased in rain-fed with 6 dS/m saline water treatment compared to 125% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m salinity treatment by 72% and 88%, respectively. Results of this study showed that although the greatest amounts of yield attributes were obtained upon using the 125% water requirement treatment, but these attributes were not significantly greater than the 100% water requirement treatment. Consequently, in areas with scarce water and saline water (6 dS/m), reliance on the 75% water requirement with 6 dS/m saline water and 100% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m saline water treatments may suffice to achieve an acceptable grain yield and to save water under saline water condition.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation and saline water significantly reduced all measured growth, yield component and yield traits of bread wheat.
- Taxon
- bread wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- Sirvan cultivare0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigation water and saline watere1
- Outcome
- all of the measured traitse2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bread wheat (Sirvan cultivar)”
e1“growth characteristics, yield components, biological yield, and grain yield were affected by deficit irrigation water and saline water”
e2“These treatments significantly reduced all of the measured traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area was lowest in rain-fed wheat with 6 dS/m saline water, 61% lower than with 125% water requirement and 1.6 dS/m saline water.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- rain-fed with 6 dS/m saline watere1
- Outcome
- leaf areae1
- Direction
- suppressede1
- Value
- 61%e1
- Comparator
- 125% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m saline watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bread wheat (Sirvan cultivar)”
e1“The lowest leaf area was observed in rain-fed with 6 dS/m saline water treatment, which suppressed this trait by 61% compared to 125% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m saline water treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological yield and grain yield were highest with 125% water requirement and 1.6 dS/m saline water and lowest with rain-fed and 6 dS/m saline water.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 125% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m saline watere1
- Outcome
- biological yield and grain yielde1
- Direction
- highest and the loweste1
- Comparator
- rain-fed with 6 dS/m saline watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bread wheat (Sirvan cultivar)”
e1“The highest and the lowest biological yield and grain yield were observed in 125% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m saline water and rain-fed with 6 dS/m saline water treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological yield decreased by 72% in rain-fed wheat with 6 dS/m saline water compared with 125% water requirement and 1.6 dS/m salinity.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- rain-fed with 6 dS/m saline watere1
- Outcome
- Biological yielde1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 72%e1
- Comparator
- 125% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m salinitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bread wheat (Sirvan cultivar)”
e1“Biological yield and grain yield were decreased in rain-fed with 6 dS/m saline water treatment compared to 125% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m salinity treatment by 72% and 88%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield decreased by 88% in rain-fed wheat with 6 dS/m saline water compared with 125% water requirement and 1.6 dS/m salinity.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- rain-fed with 6 dS/m saline watere1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 88%e1
- Comparator
- 125% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m salinitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bread wheat (Sirvan cultivar)”
e1“Biological yield and grain yield were decreased in rain-fed with 6 dS/m saline water treatment compared to 125% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m salinity treatment by 72% and 88%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological and grain yield did not differ significantly between 100% and 125% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m saline water.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 100% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m saline watere1
- Outcome
- biological and grain yielde1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Comparator
- 125% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m saline watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bread wheat (Sirvan cultivar)”
e1“Non-significant differences were observed in biological and grain yield between 125% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m saline water and 100% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m saline water treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Where water and saline water are scarce (6 dS/m), 75% water requirement with 6 dS/m saline water or 100% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m saline water may suffice for acceptable grain yield and water saving.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- acceptable grain yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reliance on the 75% water requirement with 6 dS/m saline water and 100% water requirement with 1.6 dS/m saline water treatments may suffice to achieve an acceptable grain yield and to save water under saline water condition”
t0“Bread Wheat”
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