Abstract
Salinity is a major threat to the productivity of agroecosystems as it affects the soil structure and the osmotic potential of the soil solution, resulting in nutritional imbalances, Na toxicity and reduction in crop growth and yield. As Silicon (Si) has been considered a beneficial element for alleviating plant stress, the present study was performed to determine if it could enhance tomato plant tolerance to NaCl-salinity in a closed-loop hydroponic system. Plants were irrigated with solutions containing 0, 20 or 60 mM NaCl combined with 0 or 1.50 mM Si. Shoot dry weight and fruit yield decreased with salinity, however, Si partially restored biomass and yield when the solutions contained 20 mM NaCl. Shoot and root K decreased with salinity, however, supplementary Si restored K in plants with 60 mM NaCl. Root and shoot Si was unaffected by NaCl or Si, however, shoot Na increased. Nonetheless, compared to non-Si plants, Si-treated plants showed a 19% and 32% lower shoot Na concnetration in 20 and 60 mM NaCl-plants, respectively. Silicon partly alleviated the K/Na imbalance caused by salinity. Increased shoot K/Na and Ca/Na balances were correlated with higher shoot biomass. Supplemental Si allowed an 80% increase in peroxidase activity and proline in plants with 60 mM NaCl. Fruit yield under moderate salinity was partially restored by Si, due to an increased root Na exclusion, lower shoot Na, and improved K, Ca and K/Na balance, which was correlated with increased shoot growth, POD activity and proline concentration.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot dry weight decreased with salinity.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- Shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot dry weight and fruit yield decreased with salinity, however, Si partially restored biomass and yield when the solutions contained 20 mM NaCl.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
fruit yield decreased with salinity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot dry weight and fruit yield decreased with salinity, however, Si partially restored biomass and yield when the solutions contained 20 mM NaCl.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Si partially restored biomass at 20 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- restorede0
- Qualifier
- 20 mM NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot dry weight and fruit yield decreased with salinity, however, Si partially restored biomass and yield when the solutions contained 20 mM NaCl.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Si partially restored yield at 20 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- restorede0
- Qualifier
- 20 mM NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot dry weight and fruit yield decreased with salinity, however, Si partially restored biomass and yield when the solutions contained 20 mM NaCl.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot and root K decreased with salinity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- Shoot and root Ke0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot and root K decreased with salinity, however, supplementary Si restored K in plants with 60 mM NaCl.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary Si restored K at 60 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- supplementary Sie0
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- restorede0
- Qualifier
- 60 mM NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot and root K decreased with salinity, however, supplementary Si restored K in plants with 60 mM NaCl.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Root and shoot Si was unaffected by NaCl or Si.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NaCl or Sie0
- Outcome
- Root and shoot Sie0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root and shoot Si was unaffected by NaCl or Si, however, shoot Na increased.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot Na increased.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- shoot Nae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root and shoot Si was unaffected by NaCl or Si, however, shoot Na increased.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Si treatment lowered shoot Na concentration by 19% at 20 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Si-treatede0
- Outcome
- shoot Na concnetratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 19%e0
- Qualifier
- 20 and 60 mM NaCl-plantse0
- Comparator
- non-Si plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nonetheless, compared to non-Si plants, Si-treated plants showed a 19% and 32% lower shoot Na concnetration in 20 and 60 mM NaCl-plants, respectively.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Si treatment lowered shoot Na concentration by 32% at 60 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Si-treatede0
- Outcome
- shoot Na concnetratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 32%e0
- Qualifier
- 60 mM NaCle0
- Comparator
- non-Si plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nonetheless, compared to non-Si plants, Si-treated plants showed a 19% and 32% lower shoot Na concnetration in 20 and 60 mM NaCl-plants, respectively.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon partly alleviated salinity-caused K/Na imbalance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Silicone0
- Outcome
- K/Na imbalancee0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silicon partly alleviated the K/Na imbalance caused by salinity.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher shoot K/Na and Ca/Na balances correlated with higher shoot biomass.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- K/Na and Ca/Na balancese0
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased shoot K/Na and Ca/Na balances were correlated with higher shoot biomass.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental Si increased peroxidase activity by 80% at 60 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Supplemental Sie0
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 80%e0
- Qualifier
- 60 mM NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplemental Si allowed an 80% increase in peroxidase activity and proline in plants with 60 mM NaCl.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental Si increased proline by 80% at 60 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Supplemental Sie0
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 80%e0
- Qualifier
- 60 mM NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplemental Si allowed an 80% increase in peroxidase activity and proline in plants with 60 mM NaCl.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Si partly restored fruit yield under moderate salinity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- Fruit yielde0
- Direction
- restorede0
- Qualifier
- moderate salinitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit yield under moderate salinity was partially restored by Si, due to an increased root Na exclusion, lower shoot Na, and improved K, Ca and K/Na balance, which was correlated with increased shoot growth, POD activity and proline concentration.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The yield recovery was attributed to increased root Na exclusion, lower shoot Na and improved K, Ca and K/Na balance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- Fruit yielde0
- Qualifier
- increased root Na exclusion, lower shoot Na, and improved K, Ca and K/Na balancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit yield under moderate salinity was partially restored by Si, due to an increased root Na exclusion, lower shoot Na, and improved K, Ca and K/Na balance, which was correlated with increased shoot growth, POD activity and proline concentration.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved ion balance correlated with greater shoot growth, POD activity and proline concentration.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- K, Ca and K/Na balancee0
- Outcome
- shoot growth, POD activity and proline concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit yield under moderate salinity was partially restored by Si, due to an increased root Na exclusion, lower shoot Na, and improved K, Ca and K/Na balance, which was correlated with increased shoot growth, POD activity and proline concentration.”
t0“tomato”
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