Abstract
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) is an important component of the human diet due to its high mineral and protein contents. Abiotic stresses, i.e., drought, decreases plant growth and yield. Drought causes the synthesis of reactive oxygen species, which decrease a plant’s starch contents and growth. However, ACC-deaminase (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase) producing rhizobacteria can alleviate drought stress by decreasing ethylene levels. On the other hand, caffeic acid (CA) can also positively affect cell expansion and turgor pressure maintenance under drought stress. Therefore, the current study was planned with an aim to assess the effect of CA (0, 20, 50 and 100 ppm) and ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria (Lysinibacillus fusiform, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) on lentils under drought stress. The combined application of CA and ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacteria significantly improved plant height (55%), number of pods per plant (51%), 1000-grain weight (45%), nitrogen concentration (56%), phosphorus concentration (19%), potassium concentration (21%), chlorophyll (54%), relative water contents RWC (60%) and protein contents (55%). A significant decrease in electrolyte leakage (30%), proline contents (44%), and hydrogen peroxide contents (54%), along with an improvement in cell membrane stability (34% over control) validated the combined use of CA and rhizobacteria. In conclusion, co-application of CA (20 ppm) and ACC-deaminase producing rhizobacteria can significantly improve plant growth and yield for farmers under drought stress. More investigations are suggested at the field level to select the best rhizobacteria and CA level for lentils under drought.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Combined caffeic acid and ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria application improved plant height of lentil by 55%.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris Medik
Lens culinarise0 - Treatment
- combined application of CA and ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacteriae1
- Interactor
- Lysinibacillus fusiforme4symbiont
- Second interactor
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
.jpg?width=60)
Bacillus amyloliquefaciense4symbiont - Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 55%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) is an important component of the human diet”
e1“The combined application of CA and ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacteria significantly improved plant height (55%), number of pods per plant (51%), 1000-grain weight (45%), nitrogen concentration (56%), phosphorus concentration (19%), potassium concentration (21%), chlorophyll (54%), relative water contents RWC (60%) and protein contents (55%)”
e4“ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria (Lysinibacillus fusiform, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined caffeic acid and ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria application improved the number of pods per lentil plant by 51%.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- combined application of CA and ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacteriae1
- Interactor
- Lysinibacillus fusiforme4symbiont
- Second interactor
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus amyloliquefaciense4symbiont
- Outcome
- number of pods per plante1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 51%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) is an important component of the human diet”
e1“The combined application of CA and ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacteria significantly improved plant height (55%), number of pods per plant (51%), 1000-grain weight (45%), nitrogen concentration (56%), phosphorus concentration (19%), potassium concentration (21%), chlorophyll (54%), relative water contents RWC (60%) and protein contents (55%)”
e4“ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria (Lysinibacillus fusiform, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined caffeic acid and ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria application improved 1000-grain weight of lentil by 45%.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- combined application of CA and ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacteriae1
- Interactor
- Lysinibacillus fusiforme4symbiont
- Second interactor
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus amyloliquefaciense4symbiont
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weighte1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 45%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) is an important component of the human diet”
e1“The combined application of CA and ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacteria significantly improved plant height (55%), number of pods per plant (51%), 1000-grain weight (45%), nitrogen concentration (56%), phosphorus concentration (19%), potassium concentration (21%), chlorophyll (54%), relative water contents RWC (60%) and protein contents (55%)”
e4“ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria (Lysinibacillus fusiform, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined caffeic acid and ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria application improved nitrogen concentration of lentil by 56%.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- combined application of CA and ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacteriae1
- Interactor
- Lysinibacillus fusiforme4symbiont
- Second interactor
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus amyloliquefaciense4symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogen concentratione1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 56%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) is an important component of the human diet”
e1“The combined application of CA and ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacteria significantly improved plant height (55%), number of pods per plant (51%), 1000-grain weight (45%), nitrogen concentration (56%), phosphorus concentration (19%), potassium concentration (21%), chlorophyll (54%), relative water contents RWC (60%) and protein contents (55%)”
e4“ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria (Lysinibacillus fusiform, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined caffeic acid and ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria application improved phosphorus concentration of lentil by 19%.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- combined application of CA and ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacteriae1
- Interactor
- Lysinibacillus fusiforme4symbiont
- Second interactor
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus amyloliquefaciense4symbiont
- Outcome
- phosphorus concentratione1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 19%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) is an important component of the human diet”
e1“The combined application of CA and ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacteria significantly improved plant height (55%), number of pods per plant (51%), 1000-grain weight (45%), nitrogen concentration (56%), phosphorus concentration (19%), potassium concentration (21%), chlorophyll (54%), relative water contents RWC (60%) and protein contents (55%)”
e4“ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria (Lysinibacillus fusiform, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined caffeic acid and ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria application improved potassium concentration of lentil by 21%.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- combined application of CA and ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacteriae1
- Interactor
- Lysinibacillus fusiforme4symbiont
- Second interactor
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus amyloliquefaciense4symbiont
- Outcome
- potassium concentratione1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 21%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) is an important component of the human diet”
e1“The combined application of CA and ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacteria significantly improved plant height (55%), number of pods per plant (51%), 1000-grain weight (45%), nitrogen concentration (56%), phosphorus concentration (19%), potassium concentration (21%), chlorophyll (54%), relative water contents RWC (60%) and protein contents (55%)”
e4“ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria (Lysinibacillus fusiform, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined caffeic acid and ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria application improved chlorophyll content of lentil by 54%.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- combined application of CA and ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacteriae1
- Interactor
- Lysinibacillus fusiforme4symbiont
- Second interactor
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus amyloliquefaciense4symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophylle1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 54%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) is an important component of the human diet”
e1“The combined application of CA and ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacteria significantly improved plant height (55%), number of pods per plant (51%), 1000-grain weight (45%), nitrogen concentration (56%), phosphorus concentration (19%), potassium concentration (21%), chlorophyll (54%), relative water contents RWC (60%) and protein contents (55%)”
e4“ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria (Lysinibacillus fusiform, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined caffeic acid and ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria application improved relative water content of lentil by 60%.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- combined application of CA and ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacteriae1
- Interactor
- Lysinibacillus fusiforme4symbiont
- Second interactor
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus amyloliquefaciense4symbiont
- Outcome
- relative water contents RWCe1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 60%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) is an important component of the human diet”
e1“The combined application of CA and ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacteria significantly improved plant height (55%), number of pods per plant (51%), 1000-grain weight (45%), nitrogen concentration (56%), phosphorus concentration (19%), potassium concentration (21%), chlorophyll (54%), relative water contents RWC (60%) and protein contents (55%)”
e4“ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria (Lysinibacillus fusiform, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined caffeic acid and ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria application improved protein content of lentil by 55%.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- combined application of CA and ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacteriae1
- Interactor
- Lysinibacillus fusiforme4symbiont
- Second interactor
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus amyloliquefaciense4symbiont
- Outcome
- protein contentse1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 55%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) is an important component of the human diet”
e1“The combined application of CA and ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacteria significantly improved plant height (55%), number of pods per plant (51%), 1000-grain weight (45%), nitrogen concentration (56%), phosphorus concentration (19%), potassium concentration (21%), chlorophyll (54%), relative water contents RWC (60%) and protein contents (55%)”
e4“ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria (Lysinibacillus fusiform, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined caffeic acid and rhizobacteria significantly decreased electrolyte leakage in lentil by 30%.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- combined use of CA and rhizobacteriae2
- Interactor
- Lysinibacillus fusiforme4symbiont
- Second interactor
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus amyloliquefaciense4symbiont
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Value
- 30%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) is an important component of the human diet”
e2“A significant decrease in electrolyte leakage (30%), proline contents (44%), and hydrogen peroxide contents (54%), along with an improvement in cell membrane stability (34% over control) validated the combined use of CA and rhizobacteria”
e4“ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria (Lysinibacillus fusiform, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined caffeic acid and rhizobacteria decreased proline content in lentil by 44%.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- combined use of CA and rhizobacteriae2
- Interactor
- Lysinibacillus fusiforme4symbiont
- Second interactor
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus amyloliquefaciense4symbiont
- Outcome
- proline contentse2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Value
- 44%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) is an important component of the human diet”
e2“A significant decrease in electrolyte leakage (30%), proline contents (44%), and hydrogen peroxide contents (54%), along with an improvement in cell membrane stability (34% over control) validated the combined use of CA and rhizobacteria”
e4“ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria (Lysinibacillus fusiform, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined caffeic acid and rhizobacteria decreased hydrogen peroxide content in lentil by 54%.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- combined use of CA and rhizobacteriae2
- Interactor
- Lysinibacillus fusiforme4symbiont
- Second interactor
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus amyloliquefaciense4symbiont
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide contentse2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Value
- 54%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) is an important component of the human diet”
e2“A significant decrease in electrolyte leakage (30%), proline contents (44%), and hydrogen peroxide contents (54%), along with an improvement in cell membrane stability (34% over control) validated the combined use of CA and rhizobacteria”
e4“ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria (Lysinibacillus fusiform, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined caffeic acid and rhizobacteria improved cell membrane stability in lentil by 34% over control.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- combined use of CA and rhizobacteriae2
- Interactor
- Lysinibacillus fusiforme4symbiont
- Second interactor
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus amyloliquefaciense4symbiont
- Outcome
- cell membrane stabilitye2
- Direction
- improvemente2
- Value
- 34%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) is an important component of the human diet”
e2“A significant decrease in electrolyte leakage (30%), proline contents (44%), and hydrogen peroxide contents (54%), along with an improvement in cell membrane stability (34% over control) validated the combined use of CA and rhizobacteria”
e4“ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria (Lysinibacillus fusiform, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-application of caffeic acid (20 ppm) and ACC-deaminase producing rhizobacteria is recommended to improve lentil growth and yield under drought stress.
- Taxon
- Lens culinaris MedikLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- co-application of CA (20 ppm) and ACC-deaminase producing rhizobacteriae3
- Interactor
- Lysinibacillus fusiforme4symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growth and yielde3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) is an important component of the human diet”
e3“In conclusion, co-application of CA (20 ppm) and ACC-deaminase producing rhizobacteria can significantly improve plant growth and yield for farmers under drought stress”
e4“ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria (Lysinibacillus fusiform, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)”
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