Abstract
Non-rhizobial endophytes (NREs) are active colonizers inhabiting the root nodules. Though their active role in the lentil agroecosystem is not well defined, here we observed that these NREs might promote the growth of lentils, modulate rhizospheric community structure and could be used as promising organisms for optimal use of rice fallow soil. NREs from root nodules of lentils were isolated and examined for plant growth-promoting traits, exopolysaccharide (EPS) and biofilm production, root metabolites, and the presence of nifH and nifK elements. The greenhouse experiment with the chosen NREs, i.e., Serratia plymuthica 33GS and Serratia sp. R6 significantly increased the germination rate, vigour index, development of nodules (in non-sterile soil) and fresh weight of nodules (33GS 94%, R6 61% growth) and length of the shoot (33GS 86%, R6 51.16%) as well as chlorophyll levels when compared to the uninoculated control. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that both isolates could successfully colonize the roots and elicit root hair growth. The inoculation of the NREs resulted in specific changes in root exudation patterns. The plants with 33GS and R6 treatment significantly stimulated the exudation of triterpenes, fatty acids, and their methyl esters in comparison to the uninoculated plants, altering the rhizospheric microbial community structure. Proteobacteria dominated the rhizospheric microbiota in all the treatments. Treatment with 33GS or R6 also enhanced the relative abundance of other favourable microbes, including Rhizobium, Mesorhizobium, and Bradyrhizobium. The correlation network analysis of relative abundances resulted in numerous bacterial taxa, which were in cooperation with each other, having a possible role in plant growth promotion. The results indicate the significant role of NREs as plant growth promoters, which also includes their role in root exudation patterns, enhancement of soil nutrient status and modulation of rhizospheric microbiota, suggesting their prospects in sustainable, and bio-based agriculture.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Serratia plymuthica 33GS increased germination rate and vigour index of lentils
- Taxon
- lentils
Lens culinarise0 - Treatment
- chosen NREse1
- Interactor
- Serratia plymuthica 33GS
Serratia plymuthicae1symbiont - Outcome
- germination rate, vigour indexe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promote the growth of lentils”
e1“The greenhouse experiment with the chosen NREs, i.e., Serratia plymuthica 33GS and Serratia sp. R6 significantly increased the germination rate, vigour index, development of nodules (in non-sterile soil) and fresh weight of nodules (33GS 94%, R6 61% growth) and length of the shoot (33GS 86%, R6 51.16%) as well as chlorophyll levels when compared to the uninoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Serratia plymuthica 33GS increased fresh weight of lentil nodules by 94%
- Taxon
- lentilsLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- chosen NREse1
- Interactor
- Serratia plymuthica 33GSSerratia plymuthicae1symbiont
- Outcome
- fresh weight of nodulese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 94%e1
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promote the growth of lentils”
e1“The greenhouse experiment with the chosen NREs, i.e., Serratia plymuthica 33GS and Serratia sp. R6 significantly increased the germination rate, vigour index, development of nodules (in non-sterile soil) and fresh weight of nodules (33GS 94%, R6 61% growth) and length of the shoot (33GS 86%, R6 51.16%) as well as chlorophyll levels when compared to the uninoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Serratia plymuthica 33GS increased lentil shoot length by 86%
- Taxon
- lentilsLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- chosen NREse1
- Interactor
- Serratia plymuthica 33GSSerratia plymuthicae1symbiont
- Outcome
- length of the shoote1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 86%e1
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promote the growth of lentils”
e1“The greenhouse experiment with the chosen NREs, i.e., Serratia plymuthica 33GS and Serratia sp. R6 significantly increased the germination rate, vigour index, development of nodules (in non-sterile soil) and fresh weight of nodules (33GS 94%, R6 61% growth) and length of the shoot (33GS 86%, R6 51.16%) as well as chlorophyll levels when compared to the uninoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Serratia plymuthica 33GS increased development of lentil nodules in non-sterile soil
- Taxon
- lentilsLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- chosen NREse1
- Interactor
- Serratia plymuthica 33GSSerratia plymuthicae1symbiont
- Outcome
- development of nodulese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- in non-sterile soile1
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promote the growth of lentils”
e1“The greenhouse experiment with the chosen NREs, i.e., Serratia plymuthica 33GS and Serratia sp. R6 significantly increased the germination rate, vigour index, development of nodules (in non-sterile soil) and fresh weight of nodules (33GS 94%, R6 61% growth) and length of the shoot (33GS 86%, R6 51.16%) as well as chlorophyll levels when compared to the uninoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Serratia plymuthica 33GS increased chlorophyll levels of lentils
- Taxon
- lentilsLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- chosen NREse1
- Interactor
- Serratia plymuthica 33GSSerratia plymuthicae1symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll levelse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promote the growth of lentils”
e1“The greenhouse experiment with the chosen NREs, i.e., Serratia plymuthica 33GS and Serratia sp. R6 significantly increased the germination rate, vigour index, development of nodules (in non-sterile soil) and fresh weight of nodules (33GS 94%, R6 61% growth) and length of the shoot (33GS 86%, R6 51.16%) as well as chlorophyll levels when compared to the uninoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Serratia sp. R6 increased germination rate and vigour index of lentils
- Taxon
- lentilsLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- chosen NREse1
- Interactor
- Serratia sp. R6e1symbiont
- Outcome
- germination rate, vigour indexe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promote the growth of lentils”
e1“The greenhouse experiment with the chosen NREs, i.e., Serratia plymuthica 33GS and Serratia sp. R6 significantly increased the germination rate, vigour index, development of nodules (in non-sterile soil) and fresh weight of nodules (33GS 94%, R6 61% growth) and length of the shoot (33GS 86%, R6 51.16%) as well as chlorophyll levels when compared to the uninoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Serratia sp. R6 increased fresh weight of lentil nodules by 61%
- Taxon
- lentilsLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- chosen NREse1
- Interactor
- Serratia sp. R6e1symbiont
- Outcome
- fresh weight of nodulese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 61%e1
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promote the growth of lentils”
e1“The greenhouse experiment with the chosen NREs, i.e., Serratia plymuthica 33GS and Serratia sp. R6 significantly increased the germination rate, vigour index, development of nodules (in non-sterile soil) and fresh weight of nodules (33GS 94%, R6 61% growth) and length of the shoot (33GS 86%, R6 51.16%) as well as chlorophyll levels when compared to the uninoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Serratia sp. R6 increased lentil shoot length by 51.16%
- Taxon
- lentilsLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- chosen NREse1
- Interactor
- Serratia sp. R6e1symbiont
- Outcome
- length of the shoote1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 51.16%e1
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promote the growth of lentils”
e1“The greenhouse experiment with the chosen NREs, i.e., Serratia plymuthica 33GS and Serratia sp. R6 significantly increased the germination rate, vigour index, development of nodules (in non-sterile soil) and fresh weight of nodules (33GS 94%, R6 61% growth) and length of the shoot (33GS 86%, R6 51.16%) as well as chlorophyll levels when compared to the uninoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Serratia sp. R6 increased development of lentil nodules in non-sterile soil
- Taxon
- lentilsLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- chosen NREse1
- Interactor
- Serratia sp. R6e1symbiont
- Outcome
- development of nodulese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- in non-sterile soile1
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promote the growth of lentils”
e1“The greenhouse experiment with the chosen NREs, i.e., Serratia plymuthica 33GS and Serratia sp. R6 significantly increased the germination rate, vigour index, development of nodules (in non-sterile soil) and fresh weight of nodules (33GS 94%, R6 61% growth) and length of the shoot (33GS 86%, R6 51.16%) as well as chlorophyll levels when compared to the uninoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Serratia sp. R6 increased chlorophyll levels of lentils
- Taxon
- lentilsLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- chosen NREse1
- Interactor
- Serratia sp. R6e1symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll levelse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promote the growth of lentils”
e1“The greenhouse experiment with the chosen NREs, i.e., Serratia plymuthica 33GS and Serratia sp. R6 significantly increased the germination rate, vigour index, development of nodules (in non-sterile soil) and fresh weight of nodules (33GS 94%, R6 61% growth) and length of the shoot (33GS 86%, R6 51.16%) as well as chlorophyll levels when compared to the uninoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Serratia plymuthica 33GS colonized lentil roots and elicited root hair growth
- Taxon
- lentilsLens culinarise0
- Interactor
- Serratia plymuthica 33GSSerratia plymuthicae1symbiont
- Outcome
- colonize the rootse2
- Qualifier
- elicit root hair growthe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promote the growth of lentils”
e1“The greenhouse experiment with the chosen NREs, i.e., Serratia plymuthica 33GS and Serratia sp. R6 significantly increased the germination rate, vigour index, development of nodules (in non-sterile soil) and fresh weight of nodules (33GS 94%, R6 61% growth) and length of the shoot (33GS 86%, R6 51.16%) as well as chlorophyll levels when compared to the uninoculated control”
e2“Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that both isolates could successfully colonize the roots and elicit root hair growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Serratia sp. R6 colonized lentil roots and elicited root hair growth
- Taxon
- lentilsLens culinarise0
- Interactor
- Serratia sp. R6e1symbiont
- Outcome
- colonize the rootse2
- Qualifier
- elicit root hair growthe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promote the growth of lentils”
e1“The greenhouse experiment with the chosen NREs, i.e., Serratia plymuthica 33GS and Serratia sp. R6 significantly increased the germination rate, vigour index, development of nodules (in non-sterile soil) and fresh weight of nodules (33GS 94%, R6 61% growth) and length of the shoot (33GS 86%, R6 51.16%) as well as chlorophyll levels when compared to the uninoculated control”
e2“Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that both isolates could successfully colonize the roots and elicit root hair growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Serratia plymuthica 33GS stimulated exudation of triterpenes, fatty acids and their methyl esters by lentil plants
- Taxon
- lentilsLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- 33GSe3
- Interactor
- 33GSe3symbiont
- Outcome
- exudation of triterpenes, fatty acids, and their methyl esterse3
- Direction
- stimulatede3
- Comparator
- uninoculated plantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promote the growth of lentils”
e3“The plants with 33GS and R6 treatment significantly stimulated the exudation of triterpenes, fatty acids, and their methyl esters in comparison to the uninoculated plants, altering the rhizospheric microbial community structure”
Claim · model-written summary
Serratia sp. R6 stimulated exudation of triterpenes, fatty acids and their methyl esters by lentil plants
- Taxon
- lentilsLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- R6e3
- Interactor
- R6e3symbiont
- Outcome
- exudation of triterpenes, fatty acids, and their methyl esterse3
- Direction
- stimulatede3
- Comparator
- uninoculated plantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promote the growth of lentils”
e3“The plants with 33GS and R6 treatment significantly stimulated the exudation of triterpenes, fatty acids, and their methyl esters in comparison to the uninoculated plants, altering the rhizospheric microbial community structure”
Claim · model-written summary
Serratia plymuthica 33GS enhanced relative abundance of Rhizobium and Mesorhizobium in lentil rhizosphere
- Taxon
- lentilsLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- 33GSe4
- Second interactor
- Mesorhizobium
.jpg?width=60)
Mesorhizobiume4symbiont - Outcome
- relative abundance of other favourable microbese4
- Direction
- enhancede4
- Qualifier
- and Bradyrhizobiume4
RhizobiumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“promote the growth of lentils”
e4“Treatment with 33GS or R6 also enhanced the relative abundance of other favourable microbes, including Rhizobium, Mesorhizobium, and Bradyrhizobium”
Claim · model-written summary
Serratia sp. R6 enhanced relative abundance of Rhizobium and Mesorhizobium in lentil rhizosphere
- Taxon
- lentilsLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- R6e4
- Second interactor
- MesorhizobiumMesorhizobiume4symbiont
- Outcome
- relative abundance of other favourable microbese4
- Direction
- enhancede4
- Qualifier
- and Bradyrhizobiume4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promote the growth of lentils”
e4“Treatment with 33GS or R6 also enhanced the relative abundance of other favourable microbes, including Rhizobium, Mesorhizobium, and Bradyrhizobium”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteobacteria dominated the lentil rhizospheric microbiota in all treatments
- Taxon
- lentilsLens culinarise0
- Outcome
- Proteobacteriae5
- Qualifier
- in all the treatmentse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promote the growth of lentils”
e5“Proteobacteria dominated the rhizospheric microbiota in all the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Numerous bacterial taxa in the lentil rhizosphere were in cooperation with each other in the correlation network
- Taxon
- lentilsLens culinarise0
- Outcome
- bacterial taxae6
- Qualifier
- which were in cooperation with each othere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promote the growth of lentils”
e6“The correlation network analysis of relative abundances resulted in numerous bacterial taxa, which were in cooperation with each other, having a possible role in plant growth promotion”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-rhizobial nodule endophytes enhance soil nutrient status of lentil fields
- Taxon
- lentilsLens culinarise0
- Outcome
- enhancement of soil nutrient statuse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promote the growth of lentils”
e7“enhancement of soil nutrient status”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.