Abstract
Abstract Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed protein concentration has been declining over the past decades with protein values falling below the ∼40% (dry weight base) required for optimal industrial processing. Further refinement of management practices is needed to help maintain concentrations above market standards. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of N fertilization during late reproductive stage on soybean seed protein on two cultivars differing in seed protein concentration in order to untangle the role of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) to mediate seed protein responses. In experiments at two planting dates, late N fertilization was applied as either a foliar or soil‐applied fertilizer and consisted of applying 80 kg ha –1 of N from R3 to R6 with four 20 kg ha –1 N applications. Both cultivar and planting date affected seed yield and protein concentration, ranging from 3,242 to 3,949 kg ha –1 and 34.8 to 38.4 g 100 g –1 , respectively. Soil and foliar N fertilizations had no effect on yield or N uptake but had positive effects on seed protein concentration (+2 g 100 g –1 ) only in the late‐planted experiments. Applying N in the soil inhibited BNF. The amount of N 2 fixed during the seed‐filling period, expressed per unit seed, is a relatively good predictor of the response of seed protein to N fertilization suggesting a critical role of BNF during this stage for securing a high concentration of seed protein.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar and planting date affected soybean seed yield.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- planting datee0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Value
- 3,242 to 3,949 kg ha –1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both cultivar and planting date affected seed yield and protein concentration, ranging from 3,242 to 3,949 kg ha –1 and 34.8 to 38.4 g 100 g –1 , respectively”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar and planting date affected soybean protein concentration.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- planting datee0
- Outcome
- protein concentratione0
- Value
- 34.8 to 38.4 g 100 g –1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both cultivar and planting date affected seed yield and protein concentration, ranging from 3,242 to 3,949 kg ha –1 and 34.8 to 38.4 g 100 g –1 , respectively”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil and foliar N fertilization did not affect yield.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Soil and foliar N fertilizationse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil and foliar N fertilizations had no effect on yield or N uptake”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil and foliar N fertilization did not affect N uptake.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Soil and foliar N fertilizationse0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil and foliar N fertilizations had no effect on yield or N uptake”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Late planted soybean gained 2 g 100 g –1 seed protein with N fertilization.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Soil and foliar N fertilizationse0
- Outcome
- seed protein concentratione0
- Direction
- positive effectse0
- Value
- +2 g 100 g –1e0
- Qualifier
- only in the late‐planted experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil and foliar N fertilizations had no effect on yield or N uptake but had positive effects on seed protein concentration (+2 g 100 g –1 ) only in the late‐planted experiments”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil N application inhibited biological N fixation.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Applying N in the soile0
- Outcome
- BNFe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying N in the soil inhibited BNF”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed filling N2 fixation per unit seed predicted the seed protein response to N fertilization.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- seed‐filling periode0
- Outcome
- response of seed protein to N fertilizatione0
- Qualifier
- amount of N 2 fixede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of N 2 fixed during the seed‐filling period, expressed per unit seed, is a relatively good predictor of the response of seed protein to N fertilization”
t0“Soybean”
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