Abstract
The widespread accumulation of heavy metals in the environment due to the anthropogenic activities is becoming a problem for the environment. We have evaluated the alleviation of cadmium-induced root growth inhibition and oxidative stress in the seedlings of cucumber and wheat by magnetic nano particles (nano-Fe3O4). The results showed that cadmium (Cd) adversely affected the seedling growth of both cucumber and wheat by reducing seed germination and decreasing root and shoot length. Cadmium exposure also significantly decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidases (POD), and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the seedlings of both cucumber and wheat. Among the nano-Fe3O4 with different sizes (6nm, 50nm and 100 nm) and bulk-Fe3O4, only the addition of nano-Fe3O4 (6nm) significantly decreased the Cd accumulation, Cd-induced seedling growth inhibition and oxidative stress in the seedlings of both cucumber and wheat. The effect of nano-Fe3O4 (6nm) on oxidative stress was more evident in cucumber seedlings than in the wheat seedlings. The alleviating effect of nano-Fe3O4 to reduce Cd stress in the tested seedlings is probably associated with their adsorption capacity of heavy metals. Our results may imply a size and species-dependent protective effect of magnetic nanoparticles against the toxicity of cadmium during the seedling growth.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced germination and root and shoot length in cucumber seedlings.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- cadmium (Cd)e0
- Outcome
- seed germination and decreasing root and shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that cadmium (Cd) adversely affected the seedling growth of both cucumber and wheat by reducing seed germination and decreasing root and shoot length.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced germination and root and shoot length in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- cadmium (Cd)e0
- Outcome
- seed germination and decreasing root and shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that cadmium (Cd) adversely affected the seedling growth of both cucumber and wheat by reducing seed germination and decreasing root and shoot length.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium significantly decreased SOD and POD activities in cucumber seedlings.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Cadmium exposuree0
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidases (POD)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium exposure also significantly decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidases (POD), and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the seedlings of both cucumber and wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium significantly decreased SOD and POD activities in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Cadmium exposuree0
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidases (POD)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium exposure also significantly decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidases (POD), and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the seedlings of both cucumber and wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased MDA content in cucumber seedlings.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Cadmium exposuree0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium exposure also significantly decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidases (POD), and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the seedlings of both cucumber and wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased MDA content in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Cadmium exposuree0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium exposure also significantly decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidases (POD), and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the seedlings of both cucumber and wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
Only 6 nm nano-Fe3O4 significantly reduced Cd accumulation, growth inhibition and oxidative stress in cucumber seedlings.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- addition of nano-Fe3O4 (6nm)e0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation, Cd-induced seedling growth inhibition and oxidative stresse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- onlye0
- Comparator
- bulk-Fe3O4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the nano-Fe3O4 with different sizes (6nm, 50nm and 100 nm) and bulk-Fe3O4, only the addition of nano-Fe3O4 (6nm) significantly decreased the Cd accumulation, Cd-induced seedling growth inhibition and oxidative stress in the seedlings of both cucumber and wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
Only 6 nm nano-Fe3O4 significantly reduced Cd accumulation, growth inhibition and oxidative stress in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- addition of nano-Fe3O4 (6nm)e0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation, Cd-induced seedling growth inhibition and oxidative stresse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- onlye0
- Comparator
- bulk-Fe3O4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the nano-Fe3O4 with different sizes (6nm, 50nm and 100 nm) and bulk-Fe3O4, only the addition of nano-Fe3O4 (6nm) significantly decreased the Cd accumulation, Cd-induced seedling growth inhibition and oxidative stress in the seedlings of both cucumber and wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
The oxidative stress effect of 6 nm nano-Fe3O4 was more evident in cucumber than wheat.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- nano-Fe3O4 (6nm)e0
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse0
- Direction
- more evidente0
- Comparator
- wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of nano-Fe3O4 (6nm) on oxidative stress was more evident in cucumber seedlings than in the wheat seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that heavy metal adsorption probably explains nanoparticle alleviation of Cd stress in cucumber seedlings.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- nano-Fe3O4e0
- Outcome
- reduce Cd stresse0
- Qualifier
- probably associated with their adsorption capacity of heavy metalse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The alleviating effect of nano-Fe3O4 to reduce Cd stress in the tested seedlings is probably associated with their adsorption capacity of heavy metals.”
e1“seedlings of cucumber and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that heavy metal adsorption probably explains nanoparticle alleviation of Cd stress in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- nano-Fe3O4e0
- Outcome
- reduce Cd stresse0
- Qualifier
- probably associated with their adsorption capacity of heavy metalse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The alleviating effect of nano-Fe3O4 to reduce Cd stress in the tested seedlings is probably associated with their adsorption capacity of heavy metals.”
e1“seedlings of cucumber and wheat”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.