Abstract
We evaluated the effect of endobacteria Bacillus subtilis (strain 10–4) as a co-inoculant for promoting plant growth and redox metabolism in two contrasting genotypes of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat): Ekada70 (drought tolerant (DT)) and Salavat Yulaev (drought susceptible (DS)) in early stages of adaptation to drought (12% PEG–6000). Results revealed that drought reduced growth and dramatically augmented oxidative stress markers, i.e., hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (MDA). Furthermore, the depletion of ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH), accompanied by a significant activation of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), in both stressed wheat cultivars (which was more pronounced in DS genotype) was found. B. subtilis had a protective effect on growth and antioxidant status, wherein the stabilization of AsA and GSH levels was revealed. This was accompanied by a decrease of drought-caused APX and GR activation in DS plants, while in DT plants additional antioxidant accumulation and GR activation were observed. H2O2 and MDA were considerably reduced in both drought-stressed wheat genotypes because of the application of B. subtilis. Thus, the findings suggest the key roles in B. subtilis-mediated drought tolerance in DS cv. Salavat Yulaev and DT cv. Ekada70 played are AsA and GSH, respectively; which, in both cases, resulted in reduced cell oxidative damage and improved growth in seedlings under drought.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced wheat growth.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that drought reduced growth and dramatically augmented oxidative stress markers, i.e., hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (MDA).”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought raised hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation markers.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (MDA)e0
- Direction
- augmentede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that drought reduced growth and dramatically augmented oxidative stress markers, i.e., hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (MDA).”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought depleted ascorbate and glutathione, more strongly in the susceptible genotype.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- depletion of ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH)e0
- Direction
- depletione0
- Qualifier
- more pronounced in DS genotypee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the depletion of ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH), accompanied by a significant activation of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), in both stressed wheat cultivars (which was more pronounced in DS genotype) was found.”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly activated ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR)e0
- Direction
- activatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the depletion of ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH), accompanied by a significant activation of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), in both stressed wheat cultivars (which was more pronounced in DS genotype) was found.”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis protected wheat growth and antioxidant status, stabilizing ascorbate and glutathione.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- B. subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0symbiont - Outcome
- growth and antioxidant statuse0
- Direction
- protectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. subtilis had a protective effect on growth and antioxidant status, wherein the stabilization of AsA and GSH levels was revealed.”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis decreased drought-induced APX and GR activation in susceptible plants.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Material
- DS plantse0
- Treatment
- B. subtilise0
- Outcome
- APX and GR activatione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. subtilis had a protective effect on growth and antioxidant status, wherein the stabilization of AsA and GSH levels was revealed. This was accompanied by a decrease of drought-caused APX and GR activation in DS plants, while in DT plants additional antioxidant accumulation and GR activation were observed.”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis produced additional antioxidant accumulation in tolerant plants.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Material
- DT plantse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant accumulatione0
- Direction
- additionale0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while in DT plants additional antioxidant accumulation and GR activation were observed.”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis increased GR activation in tolerant plants.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Material
- DT plantse0
- Outcome
- GR activatione0
- Direction
- activatione0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while in DT plants additional antioxidant accumulation and GR activation were observed.”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis reduced H2O2 and MDA in both drought-stressed genotypes.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- application of B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Outcome
- H2O2 and MDAe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H2O2 and MDA were considerably reduced in both drought-stressed wheat genotypes because of the application of B. subtilis.”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors proposed ascorbate as key to Bacillus-mediated drought tolerance in susceptible Salavat Yulaev.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Salavat Yulaeve0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Compound
- AsAe0
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the key roles in B. subtilis-mediated drought tolerance in DS cv. Salavat Yulaev and DT cv. Ekada70 played are AsA and GSH, respectively”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors proposed glutathione as key to Bacillus-mediated drought tolerance in tolerant Ekada70.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Ekada70e0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Compound
- GSHe0
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the key roles in B. subtilis-mediated drought tolerance in DS cv. Salavat Yulaev and DT cv. Ekada70 played are AsA and GSH, respectively”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
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