Abstract
Bacterial and fungal pathogens are major constraints in successful cultivation of tomato resulting into rigorous yield losses. The impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) on bacteria, i.e. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and Ralstonia solanacearum and fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Alternaria solani and on the growth of tomato, chlorophyll, carotenoid contents, proline and defense enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activities were determined. TiO2 NPs were applied at 0.10 mL·L−1 and 0.20 mL·L−1concentration as foliar spray and seed priming. Inoculation of tomato with either of these pathogens reduced plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, but increased proline and activities of SOD, CAT, APX and PAL. Maximum increase in plant growth, chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline, SOD, CAT, APX and PAL, and reduction in disease indices was observed at foliar spray with 0.20 mL·L−1 TiO2 NPs, followed by seed priming. Use of 0.10 mL·L−1 NPs as seed priming was less effective. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the absorption of TiO2 NPs by trichomes, stomata and seed surface. Foliar spray with 0.20 mL·L−1 TiO2 NPs was useful in increasing plant growth and provided substantial management of bacterial and fungal diseases of tomato.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen inoculation reduced tomato growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Interactor
- pathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of tomato with either of these pathogens reduced plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, but increased proline and activities of SOD, CAT, APX and PAL”
t0“growth of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen inoculation increased proline.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Interactor
- pathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of tomato with either of these pathogens reduced plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, but increased proline and activities of SOD, CAT, APX and PAL”
t0“growth of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen inoculation increased SOD, CAT, APX and PAL activities.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Interactor
- pathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- activities of SOD, CAT, APX and PALe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of tomato with either of these pathogens reduced plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, but increased proline and activities of SOD, CAT, APX and PAL”
t0“growth of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spray with 0.20 mL/L TiO2 NPs gave the maximum increase in plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid, followed by seed priming.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- foliar spray with 0.20 mL·L−1 TiO2 NPse0
- Outcome
- plant growth, chlorophyll, carotenoide0
- Direction
- Maximum increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum increase in plant growth, chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline, SOD, CAT, APX and PAL, and reduction in disease indices was observed at foliar spray with 0.20 mL·L−1 TiO2 NPs, followed by seed priming”
t0“growth of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spray with 0.20 mL/L TiO2 NPs gave the maximum increase in proline and SOD, CAT, APX and PAL.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- foliar spray with 0.20 mL·L−1 TiO2 NPse0
- Outcome
- proline, SOD, CAT, APX and PALe0
- Direction
- Maximum increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum increase in plant growth, chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline, SOD, CAT, APX and PAL, and reduction in disease indices was observed at foliar spray with 0.20 mL·L−1 TiO2 NPs, followed by seed priming”
t0“growth of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spray with 0.20 mL/L TiO2 NPs gave the greatest reduction in disease indices.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- foliar spray with 0.20 mL·L−1 TiO2 NPse0
- Outcome
- disease indicese0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum increase in plant growth, chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline, SOD, CAT, APX and PAL, and reduction in disease indices was observed at foliar spray with 0.20 mL·L−1 TiO2 NPs, followed by seed priming”
t0“growth of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
0.10 mL/L NPs as seed priming was less effective.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 0.10 mL·L−1 NPs as seed priminge0
- Outcome
- less effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of 0.10 mL·L−1 NPs as seed priming was less effective”
t0“growth of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Scanning electron microscopy showed TiO2 NPs absorbed by trichomes, stomata and seed surface.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- trichomes, stomata and seed surfacee0
- Outcome
- absorption of TiO2 NPse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scanning electron microscopy revealed the absorption of TiO2 NPs by trichomes, stomata and seed surface”
t0“growth of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spray with 0.20 mL/L TiO2 NPs is recommended: it increased growth and substantially managed bacterial and fungal diseases of tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- substantial management of bacterial and fungal diseasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray with 0.20 mL·L−1 TiO2 NPs was useful in increasing plant growth and provided substantial management of bacterial and fungal diseases of tomato”
t0“growth of tomato”
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