Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are found to be causing the most abundant symbioses between fungi and roots of terrestrial plants. AMF act as a biofertiliser that stimulate plant growth and increase plant productivity under poor soil fertility. In addition, unbalanced application of zinc (Zn) and the antagonistic relationship with phosphorus (P) also play an imperative role in decreasing crop productivity. It is necessary to synchronise Zn application rate with applied inorganic P and AMF to achieve optimum crop yield. For tha purpose, a pot trial was conducted on Zn-deficient soil with five application rates of Zn, i.e. 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mg kg-1. Two levels of inorganic P [0 (P0) and 21 (P1) mg kg-1] were applied with and without AMF inoculation. Results showed that more AMF colonisation was observed under deficient Zn and P conditions. Higher soil Zn (Zn120 and Zn150) significantly decreased the germination rate and plant growth. However, a significant improvement in germination, plant height, biomass, transpiration rate and 100-grain weight validated the productive functioning of AMF over no AMF. AMF inoculation alleviated P-induced Zn deficiency and Zn-induced P deficiency. Application of P0Zn60 and P0Zn30 with and without AMF is a better treatment to maximise wheat growth, yield and gas-exchange attributes in Zn-deficient conditions. It is also recommended to apply low Zn, (30 or 60 mg kg-1 Zn) when AMF is used, with 21 mg kg-1 P, or half of the recommended dose of P.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
AMF colonisation was greater in zinc and phosphorus deficient conditions.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF colonisatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more AMF colonisation was observed under deficient Zn and P conditions”
t0“wheat growth and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher zinc reduced germination and growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Higher soil Zne0
- Outcome
- germination rate and plant growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher soil Zn (Zn120 and Zn150) significantly decreased the germination rate and plant growth”
t0“wheat growth and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF improved germination, plant height and biomass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- germination, plant height, biomasse0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Comparator
- no AMFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant improvement in germination, plant height, biomass, transpiration rate and 100-grain weight validated the productive functioning of AMF over no AMF”
t0“wheat growth and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF improved transpiration and grain weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- transpiration rate and 100-grain weighte0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Comparator
- no AMFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant improvement in germination, plant height, biomass, transpiration rate and 100-grain weight validated the productive functioning of AMF over no AMF”
t0“wheat growth and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF alleviated reciprocal nutrient deficiencies.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- P-induced Zn deficiency and Zn-induced P deficiencye0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation alleviated P-induced Zn deficiency and Zn-induced P deficiency”
t0“wheat growth and yield”
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