Abstract
Dormancy of freshly harvested garlic cloves does not allow early emergence, and preplanting garlic clove treatment is critical for more than one cycle of production in a year. This field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of treating cloves on emergence, growth, and yield of “Tseday” variety during the main cropping season of 2014/2015 and off-season of 2015/16 at Haramaya University. The experiment was arranged in a factorial combination of four (cold stored at 7°C for the duration of 10, 20, and 30 days and stored at room temperature 21°C for 30 days as control), two (whole and topped clove), and four GA3 treatment at concentration of 0, 125, 250, and 375 mg/l and distilled water treatment as second control laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The three main factors (clove type, cold storage duration, and GA3) and growing season showed significant influence on phenology, growth, bulb yield and yield components, and all size categories of cloves, while GA3 showed nonsignificant effect on days to emergence of cloves. Clove type interacted with cold storage duration and GA3, and cold storage duration interacted with GA3 significantly to influence all characters of the variety. In addition, the growing season also interacted with clove type and GA3 to influence all categories of clove size, bulb diameter, average bulb weight, and total bulb yield. The three main factors (clove type × cold storage duration × GA3) interaction significantly influenced all characteristics of the variety. However, 30 days of cold-stored and topped cloves reduced dormancy period and days to maturity by 18.84 and 19.50 days, respectively, and increased total bulb yield by 70.32% as compared to the control treatment. In addition, this treatment combination significantly increased most of the growth and bulb yield components, while the number and weight of small-sized cloves were decreased. Hence, it can be concluded that 30 days of cold storage and topping of cloves without soaking under GA3 could be recommended to enhance early emergence, good vegetative growth, and total bulb yield of the garlic variety both under rain-fed and irrigated conditions.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Clove type, cold storage duration, GA3 and season significantly influenced phenology, growth and yield traits.
- Taxon
- garlic
Allium sativumt0 - Outcome
- phenology, growth, bulb yield and yield componentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The three main factors (clove type, cold storage duration, and GA3) and growing season showed significant influence on phenology, growth, bulb yield and yield components, and all size categories of cloves”
t0“Duration of of Low-Temperature Storage, Clove Topping and Gibberellic Acid on Emergence, Yield and Yield Components of Garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 had no significant effect on days to clove emergence.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- GA3e0
- Outcome
- days to emergence of clovese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 showed nonsignificant effect on days to emergence of cloves.”
t0“Duration of of Low-Temperature Storage, Clove Topping and Gibberellic Acid on Emergence, Yield and Yield Components of Garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Interactions among clove type, storage duration and GA3 significantly influenced traits.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Outcome
- all characters of the varietye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Clove type interacted with cold storage duration and GA3, and cold storage duration interacted with GA3 significantly to influence all characters of the variety.”
t0“Duration of of Low-Temperature Storage, Clove Topping and Gibberellic Acid on Emergence, Yield and Yield Components of Garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Season interacted with clove type and GA3 to influence clove size, bulb diameter, weight and yield.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Outcome
- clove size, bulb diameter, average bulb weight, and total bulb yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growing season also interacted with clove type and GA3 to influence all categories of clove size, bulb diameter, average bulb weight, and total bulb yield.”
t0“Duration of of Low-Temperature Storage, Clove Topping and Gibberellic Acid on Emergence, Yield and Yield Components of Garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
The three-factor interaction significantly influenced all measured characteristics.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Outcome
- all characteristics of the varietye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The three main factors (clove type × cold storage duration × GA3) interaction significantly influenced all characteristics of the variety.”
t0“Duration of of Low-Temperature Storage, Clove Topping and Gibberellic Acid on Emergence, Yield and Yield Components of Garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty days of cold storage plus topping reduced dormancy by 18.84 days.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- 30 days of cold-stored and topped clovese0
- Outcome
- dormancy periode0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 18.84e0
- Comparator
- control treatmentt1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“30 days of cold-stored and topped cloves reduced dormancy period and days to maturity by 18.84 and 19.50 days, respectively”
t0“Duration of of Low-Temperature Storage, Clove Topping and Gibberellic Acid on Emergence, Yield and Yield Components of Garlic”
t1“However, 30 days of cold-stored and topped cloves reduced dormancy period and days to maturity by 18.84 and 19.50 days, respectively, and increased total bulb yield by 70.32% as compared to the control treatment. In addition, this treatment combination significantly increased most of the growth and bulb yield components, while the number and weight of small-sized cloves were decreased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty days of cold storage plus topping reduced days to maturity by 19.50 days.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- 30 days of cold-stored and topped clovese0
- Outcome
- days to maturitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 19.50 dayse0
- Comparator
- control treatmentt1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“30 days of cold-stored and topped cloves reduced dormancy period and days to maturity by 18.84 and 19.50 days, respectively”
t0“Duration of of Low-Temperature Storage, Clove Topping and Gibberellic Acid on Emergence, Yield and Yield Components of Garlic”
t1“However, 30 days of cold-stored and topped cloves reduced dormancy period and days to maturity by 18.84 and 19.50 days, respectively, and increased total bulb yield by 70.32% as compared to the control treatment. In addition, this treatment combination significantly increased most of the growth and bulb yield components, while the number and weight of small-sized cloves were decreased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty days of cold storage plus topping increased bulb yield by 70.32%.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- 30 days of cold-stored and topped clovest1
- Outcome
- total bulb yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 70.32%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased total bulb yield by 70.32% as compared to the control treatment.”
t0“Duration of of Low-Temperature Storage, Clove Topping and Gibberellic Acid on Emergence, Yield and Yield Components of Garlic”
t1“However, 30 days of cold-stored and topped cloves reduced dormancy period and days to maturity by 18.84 and 19.50 days, respectively, and increased total bulb yield by 70.32% as compared to the control treatment. In addition, this treatment combination significantly increased most of the growth and bulb yield components, while the number and weight of small-sized cloves were decreased.”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination increased most growth and bulb yield components.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- this treatment combinatione0
- Outcome
- growth and bulb yield componentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this treatment combination significantly increased most of the growth and bulb yield components”
t0“Duration of of Low-Temperature Storage, Clove Topping and Gibberellic Acid on Emergence, Yield and Yield Components of Garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination decreased number and weight of small cloves.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- this treatment combinationt1
- Outcome
- number and weight of small-sized clovese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number and weight of small-sized cloves were decreased.”
t0“Duration of of Low-Temperature Storage, Clove Topping and Gibberellic Acid on Emergence, Yield and Yield Components of Garlic”
t1“However, 30 days of cold-stored and topped cloves reduced dormancy period and days to maturity by 18.84 and 19.50 days, respectively, and increased total bulb yield by 70.32% as compared to the control treatment. In addition, this treatment combination significantly increased most of the growth and bulb yield components, while the number and weight of small-sized cloves were decreased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend 30 days of cold storage and topping without GA3 soaking for early emergence, growth and yield.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Outcome
- enhance early emergence, good vegetative growth, and total bulb yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“30 days of cold storage and topping of cloves without soaking under GA3 could be recommended to enhance early emergence, good vegetative growth, and total bulb yield”
t0“Duration of of Low-Temperature Storage, Clove Topping and Gibberellic Acid on Emergence, Yield and Yield Components of Garlic”
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