Abstract
Modern garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars are sterile and propagated only vegetatively. The recent discovery of fertile genotypes in Central Asia and the restoration of flowering and fertility by environmental manipulations open the way for in-depth florogenetic, genetic, and molecular research in garlic. In the present work, two bolting garlic accessions were employed: #3026, developing normal flowers and seeds, and #2509, in which flowers abort at the early stages of development. Morphological studies showed transition of the apical meristems from the vegetative to the reproductive stage and inflorescence initiation in both genotypes. Low temperatures promote transition of the apex and stem elongation, but have no effect on the phenotypic expression of the inflorescence development. The initial stages of reproductive development in non-flowering #2509 plants were followed by abortion of floral primordia at the differentiation stage. A search for genes involved in the control of flowering in garlic resulted in identification of the garlic LEAFY/FLO homologue, gaLFY. Further comparative analyses of gene expression revealed two gaLFY transcripts, differing in 64 nucleotides, with clear splicing borders. The short variant transcript was identified in both genotypes throughout all development stages, whereas the long variant appears in the flowering genotype #3026 only during reproductive development. The phenotypic differences in garlic, with regard to flowering, may be associated with the efficacy of the splicing process.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Both garlic genotypes transitioned from vegetative to reproductive apices and initiated inflorescences.
- Taxon
- garlic
Allium sativume1 - Outcome
- transition of the apical meristems from the vegetative to the reproductive stage and inflorescence initiatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Morphological studies showed transition of the apical meristems from the vegetative to the reproductive stage and inflorescence initiation in both genotypes.”
e1“two bolting garlic accessions”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperatures promoted garlic apex transition and stem elongation.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume1
- Treatment
- Low temperaturese0
- Outcome
- transition of the apex and stem elongatione0
- Direction
- promotee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperatures promote transition of the apex and stem elongation”
e1“two bolting garlic accessions”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperatures had no effect on garlic inflorescence phenotype.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume1
- Treatment
- Low temperaturese0
- Outcome
- phenotypic expression of the inflorescence developmente0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperatures promote transition of the apex and stem elongation, but have no effect on the phenotypic expression of the inflorescence development.”
e1“two bolting garlic accessions”
Claim · model-written summary
Floral primordia in nonflowering accession #2509 aborted at differentiation.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume1
- Material
- #2509e0
- Organ / stage
- differentiation stagee0
- Outcome
- abortion of floral primordiae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The initial stages of reproductive development in non-flowering #2509 plants were followed by abortion of floral primordia at the differentiation stage.”
e1“garlic accessions”
Claim · model-written summary
The garlic LEAFY/FLO homologue gaLFY was identified.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Gene
- gaLFYe0
- Outcome
- identification of the garlic LEAFY/FLO homologue, gaLFYe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“identification of the garlic LEAFY/FLO homologue, gaLFY”
Claim · model-written summary
Two gaLFY transcripts with a 64 nucleotide difference and clear splicing borders were found.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume1
- Gene
- gaLFYe0
- Outcome
- two gaLFY transcriptse0
- Value
- 64 nucleotidese0
- Qualifier
- clear splicing borderse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two gaLFY transcripts, differing in 64 nucleotides, with clear splicing borders”
e1“garlic LEAFY/FLO homologue”
Claim · model-written summary
The short gaLFY transcript occurred in both genotypes throughout development.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume2
- Gene
- gaLFYe1
- Outcome
- short variant transcript was identified in both genotypes throughout all development stagese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The short variant transcript was identified in both genotypes throughout all development stages”
e1“two gaLFY transcripts”
e2“garlic LEAFY/FLO homologue”
Claim · model-written summary
The long gaLFY transcript occurred only in flowering #3026 during reproductive development.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume2
- Material
- #3026e0
- Organ / stage
- reproductive developmente0
- Gene
- gaLFYe1
- Outcome
- long variant appearse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the long variant appears in the flowering genotype #3026 only during reproductive development”
e1“two gaLFY transcripts”
e2“garlic LEAFY/FLO homologue”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering differences in garlic may be associated with splicing efficacy.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Organ / stage
- floweringe0
- Outcome
- phenotypic differences in garlic, with regard to floweringe0
- Qualifier
- may be associated with the efficacy of the splicing processe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phenotypic differences in garlic, with regard to flowering, may be associated with the efficacy of the splicing process.”
The same questions in other papers
cold · molecular: expression · Allium sativum (garlic)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
cold · growth · Allium sativum (garlic)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.