Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of the origin and size of the explants employed and of the preconditioning (cold acclimation, preculture) and loading treatments on survival and regeneration of cryopreserved garlic shoot apices using vitrification with the PVS3 vitrification solution. Both the origin and size of explants had a significant effect on regeneration of cryopreserved apices. Higher regeneration was generally observed with apices excised from bulbs and bulbils, followed by cloves, and those originated from larger propagules regrew more rapidly. Smaller apices (1.5 or 3.0 mm in diameter) displayed higher regeneration than large ones (4.5 mm in diameter). Cold acclimation at 5 degree C of apices before freezing had no positive effect on regeneration after cryopreservation. Preculture of apices at 10 or 23 degree C for more than 3 days had a detrimental effect on regeneration. The optimal sucrose concentration in the preculture medium was 0.3-0.5 M. Loading apices for 30 or 60 min at 23 degree C in medium containing 2 M glycerol + 0.4 M sucrose or 1 M glycerol + 0.8 M sucrose had no effect on regeneration after cryopreservation, in comparison with apices cryopreserved without loading treatment. Under optimal conditions, regeneration of cryopreserved apices sampled from large cloves was above 90 percent.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Explant origin and size significantly affected regeneration of cryopreserved garlic apices.
- Taxon
- garlic
Allium sativumt0 - Material
- origin and size of explantse0
- Outcome
- regeneration of cryopreserved apicese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both the origin and size of explants had a significant effect on regeneration of cryopreserved apices.”
t0“garlic shoot apices”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic apices from bulbs and bulbils generally regenerated more than those from cloves.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Material
- bulbs and bulbilse0
- Outcome
- regeneratione0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Comparator
- clovese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher regeneration was generally observed with apices excised from bulbs and bulbils, followed by cloves”
t0“garlic shoot apices”
Claim · model-written summary
Apices from larger garlic propagules regrew more rapidly.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Material
- larger propagulese0
- Outcome
- regrewe0
- Direction
- more rapidlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those originated from larger propagules regrew more rapidly”
t0“garlic shoot apices”
Claim · model-written summary
Smaller garlic apices regenerated more than large apices.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Material
- Smaller apicese0
- Outcome
- regeneratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 1.5 or 3.0 mm in diametere0
- Comparator
- large onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Smaller apices (1.5 or 3.0 mm in diameter) displayed higher regeneration than large ones (4.5 mm in diameter).”
t0“garlic shoot apices”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold acclimation at 5 degree C had no positive effect on garlic apex regeneration after cryopreservation.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- Cold acclimation at 5 degree Ce0
- Outcome
- regeneration after cryopreservatione0
- Direction
- no positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold acclimation at 5 degree C of apices before freezing had no positive effect on regeneration after cryopreservation.”
t0“garlic shoot apices”
Claim · model-written summary
Preculture at 10 or 23 degree C for more than three days harmed garlic apex regeneration.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- Preculture of apices at 10 or 23 degree C for more than 3 dayse0
- Outcome
- regeneratione0
- Direction
- detrimental effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Preculture of apices at 10 or 23 degree C for more than 3 days had a detrimental effect on regeneration.”
t0“garlic shoot apices”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal preculture sucrose concentration for garlic apices was 0.3–0.5 M.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Outcome
- optimal sucrose concentratione0
- Value
- 0.3-0.5 Me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimal sucrose concentration in the preculture medium was 0.3-0.5 M.”
t0“garlic shoot apices”
Claim · model-written summary
Loading garlic apices with either glycerol–sucrose mixture did not affect regeneration relative to no loading.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- Loading apices for 30 or 60 min at 23 degree C in medium containing 2 M glycerol + 0.4 M sucrose or 1 M glycerol + 0.8 M sucrosee0
- Outcome
- regeneration after cryopreservatione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Comparator
- apices cryopreserved without loading treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Loading apices for 30 or 60 min at 23 degree C in medium containing 2 M glycerol + 0.4 M sucrose or 1 M glycerol + 0.8 M sucrose had no effect on regeneration after cryopreservation, in comparison with apices cryopreserved without loading treatment.”
t0“garlic shoot apices”
Claim · model-written summary
Under optimal conditions, regeneration of cryopreserved garlic apices from large cloves exceeded 90 percent.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Material
- large clovese0
- Outcome
- regeneration of cryopreserved apicese0
- Direction
- abovee0
- Value
- 90 percente0
- Qualifier
- Under optimal conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under optimal conditions, regeneration of cryopreserved apices sampled from large cloves was above 90 percent.”
t0“garlic shoot apices”
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