Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition is prevalent over recent decades due to the general depreciation of the quality of diet, both in developed and developing countries. The deficiencies of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) are critical public health problem worldwide with the negative impact on health, lifespan and productivity. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during two consecutive seasons of kharif and rabi 2020–21 on sandy clayey loam soils of the ICAR-KVK Research Farm, Hans Roever Campus, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India to study the effect of agronomic biofortification on yield and its components of maize under cauvery delta condition. Two hybrids in main-plots both, QPM and non-QPM were sown by direct method on ridges at a spacing of 60 x 20 cm under split plot design (SPD) with 6 treatments of nutrient levels in sub-plot combination under three replications. Results revealed that nutrient levels at 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6) at 45 (active vegetative stage) and 90 (grain filling stage) days after sowing (DAS) showed significant results in terms of growth attributes like, plant height, leaf area index, dry-matter accumulation, reduced days taken to 50% tasselling and 50% silking, and yield attributes like, cob length, no. of grains/row, cob weight, test weight, and yield like grain yield (8.27 and 8.52 t/ha) and stover yield (10.16 and 10.35 t/ha), and grain quality like crude protein content (14.65 and 14.93%), starch content (63.85 and 65.42 mg/g), Fe (37.80 and 36.25 mg/kg) and Zn (31.88 and 29.35 mg/kg) of maize grain in both seasons. Further examination is required in optimizing the dosage per hectare and in crop stages and location specific under maize cultivation to ensure sustainable and profitable farming systems.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The S6 nutrient treatment produced plant height, leaf area index, dry-matter accumulation in maize.
- Treatment
- nutrient levels at 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6)e0
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf area index, dry-matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- significant resultse0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that nutrient levels at 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6) at 45 (active vegetative stage) and 90 (grain filling stage) days after sowing (DAS) showed significant results in terms of growth attributes like, plant height, leaf area index, dry-matter accumulation, reduced days taken to 50% tasselling and 50% silking, and yield attributes like, cob length, no. of grains/row, cob weight, test weight, and yield like grain yield (8.27 and 8.52 t/ha) and stover yield (10.16 and 10.35 t/ha), and grain quality like crude protein content (14.65 and 14.93%), starch content (63.85 and 65.42 mg/g), Fe (37.80 and 36.25 mg/kg) and Zn (31.88 and 29.35 mg/kg) of maize grain in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
The S6 nutrient treatment produced days taken to 50% tasselling and 50% silking in maize.
- Treatment
- nutrient levels at 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6)e0
- Outcome
- days taken to 50% tasselling and 50% silkinge0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that nutrient levels at 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6) at 45 (active vegetative stage) and 90 (grain filling stage) days after sowing (DAS) showed significant results in terms of growth attributes like, plant height, leaf area index, dry-matter accumulation, reduced days taken to 50% tasselling and 50% silking, and yield attributes like, cob length, no. of grains/row, cob weight, test weight, and yield like grain yield (8.27 and 8.52 t/ha) and stover yield (10.16 and 10.35 t/ha), and grain quality like crude protein content (14.65 and 14.93%), starch content (63.85 and 65.42 mg/g), Fe (37.80 and 36.25 mg/kg) and Zn (31.88 and 29.35 mg/kg) of maize grain in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
The S6 nutrient treatment produced cob length, no. of grains/row, cob weight in maize.
- Treatment
- nutrient levels at 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6)e0
- Outcome
- cob length, no. of grains/row, cob weighte0
- Direction
- significant resultse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that nutrient levels at 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6) at 45 (active vegetative stage) and 90 (grain filling stage) days after sowing (DAS) showed significant results in terms of growth attributes like, plant height, leaf area index, dry-matter accumulation, reduced days taken to 50% tasselling and 50% silking, and yield attributes like, cob length, no. of grains/row, cob weight, test weight, and yield like grain yield (8.27 and 8.52 t/ha) and stover yield (10.16 and 10.35 t/ha), and grain quality like crude protein content (14.65 and 14.93%), starch content (63.85 and 65.42 mg/g), Fe (37.80 and 36.25 mg/kg) and Zn (31.88 and 29.35 mg/kg) of maize grain in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
The S6 nutrient treatment produced test weight in maize.
- Treatment
- nutrient levels at 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6)e0
- Outcome
- test weighte0
- Direction
- significant resultse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that nutrient levels at 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6) at 45 (active vegetative stage) and 90 (grain filling stage) days after sowing (DAS) showed significant results in terms of growth attributes like, plant height, leaf area index, dry-matter accumulation, reduced days taken to 50% tasselling and 50% silking, and yield attributes like, cob length, no. of grains/row, cob weight, test weight, and yield like grain yield (8.27 and 8.52 t/ha) and stover yield (10.16 and 10.35 t/ha), and grain quality like crude protein content (14.65 and 14.93%), starch content (63.85 and 65.42 mg/g), Fe (37.80 and 36.25 mg/kg) and Zn (31.88 and 29.35 mg/kg) of maize grain in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
The S6 nutrient treatment produced grain yield of 8.27 and 8.52 t/ha in maize.
- Treatment
- nutrient levels at 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- significant resultse0
- Value
- 8.27 and 8.52 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that nutrient levels at 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6) at 45 (active vegetative stage) and 90 (grain filling stage) days after sowing (DAS) showed significant results in terms of growth attributes like, plant height, leaf area index, dry-matter accumulation, reduced days taken to 50% tasselling and 50% silking, and yield attributes like, cob length, no. of grains/row, cob weight, test weight, and yield like grain yield (8.27 and 8.52 t/ha) and stover yield (10.16 and 10.35 t/ha), and grain quality like crude protein content (14.65 and 14.93%), starch content (63.85 and 65.42 mg/g), Fe (37.80 and 36.25 mg/kg) and Zn (31.88 and 29.35 mg/kg) of maize grain in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
The S6 nutrient treatment produced stover yield of 10.16 and 10.35 t/ha in maize.
- Treatment
- nutrient levels at 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6)e0
- Outcome
- stover yielde0
- Direction
- significant resultse0
- Value
- 10.16 and 10.35 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that nutrient levels at 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6) at 45 (active vegetative stage) and 90 (grain filling stage) days after sowing (DAS) showed significant results in terms of growth attributes like, plant height, leaf area index, dry-matter accumulation, reduced days taken to 50% tasselling and 50% silking, and yield attributes like, cob length, no. of grains/row, cob weight, test weight, and yield like grain yield (8.27 and 8.52 t/ha) and stover yield (10.16 and 10.35 t/ha), and grain quality like crude protein content (14.65 and 14.93%), starch content (63.85 and 65.42 mg/g), Fe (37.80 and 36.25 mg/kg) and Zn (31.88 and 29.35 mg/kg) of maize grain in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
The S6 nutrient treatment produced crude protein content of 14.65 and 14.93% in maize.
- Treatment
- nutrient levels at 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6)e0
- Outcome
- crude protein contente0
- Direction
- significant resultse0
- Value
- 14.65 and 14.93%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that nutrient levels at 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6) at 45 (active vegetative stage) and 90 (grain filling stage) days after sowing (DAS) showed significant results in terms of growth attributes like, plant height, leaf area index, dry-matter accumulation, reduced days taken to 50% tasselling and 50% silking, and yield attributes like, cob length, no. of grains/row, cob weight, test weight, and yield like grain yield (8.27 and 8.52 t/ha) and stover yield (10.16 and 10.35 t/ha), and grain quality like crude protein content (14.65 and 14.93%), starch content (63.85 and 65.42 mg/g), Fe (37.80 and 36.25 mg/kg) and Zn (31.88 and 29.35 mg/kg) of maize grain in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
The S6 nutrient treatment produced starch content of 63.85 and 65.42 mg/g in maize.
- Treatment
- nutrient levels at 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6)e0
- Outcome
- starch contente0
- Direction
- significant resultse0
- Value
- 63.85 and 65.42 mg/ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that nutrient levels at 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6) at 45 (active vegetative stage) and 90 (grain filling stage) days after sowing (DAS) showed significant results in terms of growth attributes like, plant height, leaf area index, dry-matter accumulation, reduced days taken to 50% tasselling and 50% silking, and yield attributes like, cob length, no. of grains/row, cob weight, test weight, and yield like grain yield (8.27 and 8.52 t/ha) and stover yield (10.16 and 10.35 t/ha), and grain quality like crude protein content (14.65 and 14.93%), starch content (63.85 and 65.42 mg/g), Fe (37.80 and 36.25 mg/kg) and Zn (31.88 and 29.35 mg/kg) of maize grain in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
The S6 nutrient treatment produced Fe of 37.80 and 36.25 mg/kg in maize.
- Treatment
- nutrient levels at 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6)e0
- Outcome
- Fee0
- Direction
- significant resultse0
- Value
- 37.80 and 36.25 mg/kge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that nutrient levels at 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6) at 45 (active vegetative stage) and 90 (grain filling stage) days after sowing (DAS) showed significant results in terms of growth attributes like, plant height, leaf area index, dry-matter accumulation, reduced days taken to 50% tasselling and 50% silking, and yield attributes like, cob length, no. of grains/row, cob weight, test weight, and yield like grain yield (8.27 and 8.52 t/ha) and stover yield (10.16 and 10.35 t/ha), and grain quality like crude protein content (14.65 and 14.93%), starch content (63.85 and 65.42 mg/g), Fe (37.80 and 36.25 mg/kg) and Zn (31.88 and 29.35 mg/kg) of maize grain in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
The S6 nutrient treatment produced Zn of 31.88 and 29.35 mg/kg in maize.
- Treatment
- nutrient levels at 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6)e0
- Outcome
- Zne0
- Direction
- significant resultse0
- Value
- 31.88 and 29.35 mg/kge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that nutrient levels at 50% RDF through NPK + 50% RDF through FYM with Fe and Zn as foliar application @0.5% conc (S6) at 45 (active vegetative stage) and 90 (grain filling stage) days after sowing (DAS) showed significant results in terms of growth attributes like, plant height, leaf area index, dry-matter accumulation, reduced days taken to 50% tasselling and 50% silking, and yield attributes like, cob length, no. of grains/row, cob weight, test weight, and yield like grain yield (8.27 and 8.52 t/ha) and stover yield (10.16 and 10.35 t/ha), and grain quality like crude protein content (14.65 and 14.93%), starch content (63.85 and 65.42 mg/g), Fe (37.80 and 36.25 mg/kg) and Zn (31.88 and 29.35 mg/kg) of maize grain in both seasons.”
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See all 54 papers →8 of 24 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.