Influence of Different Levels of Fertilizer and Post-Emergence Herbicides on Weed Control Efficiency, Nutrient Depletion by Weeds and Production of Wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.)]

Abstract

The field studies were conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur (Agriculture University, Jodhpur), Rajasthan, India on Wheat during rabi seasons (November to April) of both the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020. The experiment was consisted of three fertility levels viz., 75% of recommended dose of fertilizer (90-30 kg N-P2O5 ha-1), 100% of RDF (120-40 kg N-P2O5ha-1) and 125% of RDF (150-50 kg N-P2O5 ha-1)] and sub-plots: seven post-emergence herbicides (trisulfuron 15 g ha-1, sulfosulfuron 75%+metsulfuron methyl 5% (ready-mix) 32 g ha-1, clodinafop-propargyl 15%+metsulfuron methyl 1% (ready-mix) 64 g ha-1, carfentrazon 20 g ha-1, metsulfuron methyl 4 g ha-1, weedy check and weed free) in split plot design and replicated thrice. Findings revealed, application of 100% recorded the higher growth attributes viz, plant height, dry matter accumulation (g-2) and leaf area index at 50 DAS, yield parameters viz, effective tillers m-1 row length, and grain, straw and biological yield of wheat over 75% RDF, however it was at par with 125% RDF. Among the post-emergence herbicides, the herbicide clodinafop-propargyl 15%+metsulfuron methyl 1% (ready-mix) 64 g ha-1 significantly increased the growth and yield parameters and yield, while remaining at par with sulfosulfuron 75%+metsulfuron methyl 5% (ready-mix) 32 g ha-1 and proved superior in comparison to rest of the treatments. Maximum nutrients (NPK) depletion by weeds was recorded with the application of 125% RDF. Among herbicides, clodinafop-propargyl 15%+metsulfuron methyl 1% (ready-mix) 64 g ha-1 was also obtained significantly minimum nutrients depletion by weeds.

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Claims 7

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

100% RDF gave greater wheat plant height, dry matter accumulation and leaf area index than 75% RDF at 50 DAS, and was at par with 125% RDF.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: 100%e0
Outcome: plant height, dry matter accumulation (g-2) and leaf area indexe0
Direction: highere0
Qualifier: at 50 DASe0
Comparator: 75% RDFe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Triticum aestivum* · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“application of 100% recorded the higher growth attributes viz, plant height, dry matter accumulation (g-2) and leaf area index at 50 DAS, yield parameters viz, effective tillers m-1 row length, and grain, straw and biological yield of wheat over 75% RDF, however it was at par with 125% RDF”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 772–1062 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

100% RDF gave more effective tillers than 75% RDF and was at par with 125% RDF.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: 100%e0
Outcome: effective tillers m-1 row lengthe0
Direction: highere0
Qualifier: at par with 125% RDFe0
Comparator: 75% RDFe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“application of 100% recorded the higher growth attributes viz, plant height, dry matter accumulation (g-2) and leaf area index at 50 DAS, yield parameters viz, effective tillers m-1 row length, and grain, straw and biological yield of wheat over 75% RDF, however it was at par with 125% RDF”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 772–1062 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

100% RDF gave higher wheat grain, straw and biological yield than 75% RDF and was at par with 125% RDF.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: 100%e0
Outcome: grain, straw and biological yield of wheate0
Direction: highere0
Qualifier: at par with 125% RDFe0
Comparator: 75% RDFe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“application of 100% recorded the higher growth attributes viz, plant height, dry matter accumulation (g-2) and leaf area index at 50 DAS, yield parameters viz, effective tillers m-1 row length, and grain, straw and biological yield of wheat over 75% RDF, however it was at par with 125% RDF”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 772–1062 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Clodinafop-propargyl plus metsulfuron significantly increased wheat growth parameters, compared with other treatments, and was at par with sulfosulfuron plus metsulfuron.

Taxon: WheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: clodinafop-propargyl 15%+metsulfuron methyl 1% (ready-mix) 64 g ha-1e0
Outcome: growthe0
Direction: increasede0
Qualifier: at par with sulfosulfuron 75%+metsulfuron methyl 5% (ready-mix) 32 g ha-1e0
Comparator: rest of the treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“the herbicide clodinafop-propargyl 15%+metsulfuron methyl 1% (ready-mix) 64 g ha-1 significantly increased the growth and yield parameters and yield, while remaining at par with sulfosulfuron 75%+metsulfuron methyl 5% (ready-mix) 32 g ha-1 and proved superior in comparison to rest of the treatments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1101–1400 · show in text ↑

t0
“Wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 148–153 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Clodinafop-propargyl plus metsulfuron significantly increased wheat yield parameters and yield, compared with other treatments, and was at par with sulfosulfuron plus metsulfuron.

Taxon: WheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: clodinafop-propargyl 15%+metsulfuron methyl 1% (ready-mix) 64 g ha-1e0
Outcome: yield parameters and yielde0
Direction: increasede0
Qualifier: at par with sulfosulfuron 75%+metsulfuron methyl 5% (ready-mix) 32 g ha-1e0
Comparator: rest of the treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“the herbicide clodinafop-propargyl 15%+metsulfuron methyl 1% (ready-mix) 64 g ha-1 significantly increased the growth and yield parameters and yield, while remaining at par with sulfosulfuron 75%+metsulfuron methyl 5% (ready-mix) 32 g ha-1 and proved superior in comparison to rest of the treatments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1101–1400 · show in text ↑

t0
“Wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 148–153 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

125% RDF produced maximum NPK depletion by weeds.

Taxon: WheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: 125% RDFe0
Interactor: weedse0weed
Outcome: nutrients (NPK) depletion by weedse0
Direction: Maximume0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Maximum nutrients (NPK) depletion by weeds was recorded with the application of 125% RDF”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1402–1490 · show in text ↑

t0
“Wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 148–153 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Clodinafop-propargyl plus metsulfuron produced significantly minimum nutrient depletion by weeds.

Taxon: WheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: clodinafop-propargyl 15%+metsulfuron methyl 1% (ready-mix) 64 g ha-1e0
Interactor: weedse0weed
Outcome: nutrients depletion by weedse0
Direction: minimume0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“clodinafop-propargyl 15%+metsulfuron methyl 1% (ready-mix) 64 g ha-1 was also obtained significantly minimum nutrients depletion by weeds”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1510–1647 · show in text ↑

t0
“Wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 148–153 · show in text ↑

clodinafop-propargyl · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

45 papers: 41 positive, 4 negative or no effect

40 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

positive
Clodinafop-propargyl plus metsulfuron-methyl yielded the highest net monetary returns of 64356/ha.
Weed management in wheat by pre-emergence and pre-mix post-emergence combinations of herbicides · 2020
Same directionCited by this paper
negative
Clodinafop at 60 g a.i. ha-1 reduced grain yield to 3.60 g per pot.
Grain yield and NPK uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as influenced by nitrogen, vermicompost and herbicide (Clodinafop propargyl) · 2015 · compared with 4.74
Opposite direction
no effect
Clodinafop propargyl at 60 g a.i. ha-1 gave dry matter accumulation at par with sulfosulfuron at 30 g a.i. ha-1.
Bio-efficacy and Persistence of a Herbicide Mixture in Wheat · 2003 · compared with sulfosulfuron 75 WG @ 30 g a.i. ha−1
Opposite direction

41 papers more in this group

See all 45 papers →

clodinafop-propargyl · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

37 papers: 34 positive, 3 negative or no effect

33 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
Clodinafop propargyl plus metsulfuron-methyl gave 90% weed control efficiency.
Weed management in wheat by pre-emergence and pre-mix post-emergence combinations of herbicides · 2020
Same directionCited by this paper
negative
Clodinafop-propargyl was among the least effective treatments against total weeds.
Efficiency of Certain Herbicides and Adjuvants Combinations Against Weeds in Wheat Fields · 2021 · compared with unweeded plots
Opposite direction
negative
Clodinafoppropargyl at 60 g ha−1 failed to control non-grassy weeds.
Bio-etlicacy of Herbicidesin Zero-till Wheat in Rice-wheat Cropping System · 2002
Opposite direction

33 papers more in this group

See all 37 papers →

methyl · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

41 papers: 37 positive, 4 negative or no effect

36 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Dichlofop methyl during tillering usually did not increase grain yield.
Post-emergence control of wild oats in Queensland with difenzoquat, flamprop-methyl, dichlofop methyl and barban · 1979
Opposite direction
no effect
The isoproturon and metsulfuron mixture yielded about the same as weed-free wheat in both years.
Evaluation of new herbicides against mixed weed flora in wheat. · 2001 · compared with weed-free
No difference from an alternative
no effect
Several herbicide treatments had grain yields statistically similar to weed-free plots.
Bio-efficacy of Chlorsulfuron, Metsulfuron Methyl and Metribuzin Alone and in Combinations for Weed Control in Wheat (Triticurn aestivum L.) · 2001 · compared with weed-free
No difference from an alternative

37 papers more in this group

See all 41 papers →

metsulfuron methyl · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

134 papers: 132 positive, 2 negative or no effect

131 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

positive
Clodinafop propargyl plus metsulfuron-methyl gave 90% weed control efficiency.
Weed management in wheat by pre-emergence and pre-mix post-emergence combinations of herbicides · 2020
Same directionCited by this paper
negative
The reduced doses were least effective for weed control and had minimum seed yield impact over control.
Performance of metsulfuron methyl and pendimethalin alone and their mixtures with isoproturon on weed control in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seed crop · 2001 · compared with control
Opposite direction
negative
Sole herbicides had lower weed-control efficiency than tank mixes.
Bioefficacy of sole and tankmix of pinoxaden and clodinafop with carfentrazone and metsulfuron for control of complex weed flora in wheat (Triticum aestivum) · 2001 · compared with tankmix application of pinoxaden and clodinafop with carfentrazone and metsulfuron
Opposite direction

130 papers more in this group

See all 134 papers →

metsulfuron methyl · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

155 papers: 143 positive, 12 negative or no effect

142 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
Clodinafop-propargyl plus metsulfuron-methyl yielded the highest net monetary returns of 64356/ha.
Weed management in wheat by pre-emergence and pre-mix post-emergence combinations of herbicides · 2020
Same directionCited by this paper
negative
Preemergence chlorsulfuron followed by metribuzin significantly reduced wheat yield.
Alternatives to Diclofop for the Control of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)¹ · 2003
Opposite direction
negative
Preemergence chlorsulfuron plus metsulfuron at 26 g/ha reduced wheat yield in 1993.
Sulfonylurea Herbicides Suppress Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) · 1994
Opposite direction

151 papers more in this group

See all 155 papers →

clodinafop-propargyl · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree

8 papers: 8 positive, 0 negative or no effect

7 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Clodinafop propargyl at 60 g a.i ha -1 reduced weed biomass.
Weed control and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield under application of different post-emergence herbicides. · 2012
Same direction
positive
Clodinafop-propargyl herbicide significantly increased wheat plant height compared with the lowest height in weed-free plots.
Physiological and Yield Responses of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) to Different Herbicide Treatments · 2016 · compared with weed-free wheat plots
Same direction
positive
The 500 g/ha herbicide mixture produced the maximum weed dry weight reduction of 94.27%.
Effect of Tank Mixed Application of Ammonium Sulphate and Carfentrazone-Ethyl + Clodinafop-Propargyl + Metsulfuron-Methyl on Weeds and Yield of Wheat · 2014
Same direction

4 papers more in this group

See all 8 papers →

methyl · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree

10 papers: 10 positive, 0 negative or no effect

9 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Biodegraded methyl orange products were non-toxic in a wheat seed germination test.
Decolorization, degradation and detoxification of carcinogenic sulfonated azo dye methyl orange by newly developed biofilm consortia · 2020
Same direction
positive
The herbicide produced maximum biomass of 12,808 kg ha-1.
Economics of herbicide weed management in wheat in Ethiopia · 2016
Same direction
positive
W8 produced the highest growth characteristics among weed management treatments.
Soil fertility status and physio-agronomic performance of wheat grown under contrasting tillage and weed management scenarios · 2023 · compared with weed management techniques
Same direction

6 papers more in this group

See all 10 papers →

metsulfuron methyl · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree

20 papers: 20 positive, 0 negative or no effect

19 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Premix reduced weed dry weight by 98_99%.
Evaluation of carfentrazone-ethyl+metsulfuron-methyl against broadleaf weeds of wheat · 2011
Same direction
positive
Metsulfuron plus sulfosulfuron reduced total weed dry matter by 95.35%.
Influence of pre and post emergence herbicide application on weed growth and nutrient removal in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) · 2017 · compared with unweeded control
Same direction
positive
Sulfosulfuron and metsulfuron at 20 + 4 g/ha gave maximum wheat height of 89.81 cm.
Influence of different herbicides on weed control, nutrient removal and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) · 2001
Same direction

16 papers more in this group

See all 20 papers →

8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 7

The same questions in other papers

clodinafop-propargyl · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

clodinafop-propargyl · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

methyl · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

metsulfuron methyl · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

metsulfuron methyl · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

clodinafop-propargyl · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree

methyl · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree

metsulfuron methyl · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree