Abstract
The field experiment was conducted in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia, to evaluate different weed management practices on weed dynamics, yield and economic return in common bean in 2014. The experiment comprised of fifteen treatments which included two herbicides (s-metolachlor and pendimethalin) applied as pre-emergence alone and in different combinations, hand weeding and hoeing, weedy check all with and without mulching and weed free check laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha -1 + mulching at 2 weeks after crop emergence (WAE) resulted in significant decrease in total weed density over weedy. Weed dry weight varied in response to weed significantly management practices at 2 WAE. However, at 12 WAE this has no significant difference with pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha -1 + hand weeding and hoeing 5 WAE, s-metolachlor 0.75 kg ha -1 + pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha -1 + mulching and hand weeding and hoeing at 2 and 5 WAE. At 12 WAE, the highest weed control efficiency (99.8%) was obtained with hand weeding and hoeing at 2 and 5 WAE which is statistically at parity with pendimethalin 1.00 kg/ha+ hand weeding and hoeing 5 WAE (99.4%. Weed infestation throughout the growing period suppressed the plant height by about 29.6 to 95.3% compared to other treatments. The highest number of pods per plant was recorded under complete weed free and it was statistically in parity with pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha -1 + hand weeding and hoeing 5 WAE. Weedy check resulted in significant decrease in number of pods per plant which varied between 28.6 and 54.4% over other treatments. The highest number of seeds/pod was also obtained with complete weed free plots but in addition to pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha -1 + hand weeding and hoeing 5 WAE, Weight of hundred seeds was maximum with complete weed free which was statistically in parity with the application of pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1 + hand weeding and hoeing at 5 WAE and two hand weeding and hoeing 2 and 5 weeks after crop emergence (WAE) treatments. Highest grain yield (1982 kg ha -1 ) and net returns (ETB 17362 ha -1 ) was obtained with the application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha -1 + hand weeding and hoeing 5 weeks after crop emergence. Generally, it could be concluded that pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 combined with one hand weeding and hoeing at 5 WAE was the most appropriate method for effective weed management and profitable production of common bean. Keywords: Herbicides combination, mulch, pendimethalin, pre-emergence, s-metolachlor, yield, economic feasibility DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/12-6-01 Publication date: March 31 st 2022
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha plus mulching at 2 WAE significantly decreased total weed density relative to the weedy check in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common Bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha -1 + mulching at 2 weeks after crop emergence (WAE)e1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- total weed densitye1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Comparator
- weedye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“The application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha -1 + mulching at 2 weeks after crop emergence (WAE) resulted in significant decrease in total weed density over weedy”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed dry weight varied significantly among weed management practices at 2 WAE in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- management practicese2
- Interactor
- weede2weed
- Outcome
- Weed dry weighte2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e2“Weed dry weight varied in response to weed significantly management practices at 2 WAE”
Claim · model-written summary
At 12 WAE, weed dry weight did not differ significantly between the mulched pendimethalin plus hand-weeding treatments and pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha plus hand weeding at 5 WAE in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- s-metolachlor 0.75 kg ha -1 + pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha -1 + mulching and hand weeding and hoeing at 2 and 5 WAEe3
- Interactor
- weede2weed
- Outcome
- Weed dry weighte2
- Direction
- no significant differencee3
- Comparator
- pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha -1 + hand weeding and hoeing 5 WAEe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e2“Weed dry weight varied in response to weed significantly management practices at 2 WAE”
e3“However, at 12 WAE this has no significant difference with pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha -1 + hand weeding and hoeing 5 WAE, s-metolachlor 0.75 kg ha -1 + pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha -1 + mulching and hand weeding and hoeing at 2 and 5 WAE”
Claim · model-written summary
At 12 WAE, hand weeding and hoeing at 2 and 5 WAE gave the highest weed control efficiency (99.8%), statistically at parity with pendimethalin 1.00 kg/ha plus hand weeding and hoeing at 5 WAE (99.4%) in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- hand weeding and hoeing at 2 and 5 WAEe4
- Interactor
- weede4weed
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 99.8%e4
- Qualifier
- 99.4%e4
- Comparator
- pendimethalin 1.00 kg/ha+ hand weeding and hoeing 5 WAEe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e4“At 12 WAE, the highest weed control efficiency (99.8%) was obtained with hand weeding and hoeing at 2 and 5 WAE which is statistically at parity with pendimethalin 1.00 kg/ha+ hand weeding and hoeing 5 WAE (99.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed infestation throughout the growing period suppressed common bean plant height by about 29.6 to 95.3% compared with other treatments.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Weed infestation throughout the growing periode5
- Interactor
- Weede5weed
- Outcome
- plant heighte5
- Direction
- suppressede5
- Value
- 29.6 to 95.3%e5
- Comparator
- other treatmentse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e5“Weed infestation throughout the growing period suppressed the plant height by about 29.6 to 95.3% compared to other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Complete weed-free plots gave the highest number of pods per plant, statistically at parity with pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha plus hand weeding at 5 WAE, in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- complete weed freee6
- Outcome
- number of pods per plante6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Comparator
- pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha -1 + hand weeding and hoeing 5 WAEe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e6“The highest number of pods per plant was recorded under complete weed free and it was statistically in parity with pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha -1 + hand weeding and hoeing 5 WAE”
Claim · model-written summary
The weedy check significantly decreased pods per plant by 28.6 to 54.4% compared with other treatments in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Weedy checke7
- Outcome
- number of pods per plante7
- Direction
- decreasee7
- Value
- 28.6 and 54.4%e7
- Comparator
- other treatmentse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e7“Weedy check resulted in significant decrease in number of pods per plant which varied between 28.6 and 54.4% over other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Complete weed-free plots gave the highest number of seeds per pod, also obtained with pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha plus hand weeding at 5 WAE, in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- complete weed free plotse1
- Outcome
- number of seeds/pode1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha -1 + hand weeding and hoeing 5 WAEe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“The highest number of seeds/pod was also obtained with complete weed free plots but in addition to pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha -1 + hand weeding and hoeing 5 WAE”
Claim · model-written summary
Weight of hundred seeds was maximum under complete weed-free plots, statistically at parity with pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha plus hand weeding at 5 WAE and with two hand weedings at 2 and 5 WAE, in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- complete weed freee1
- Outcome
- Weight of hundred seedse1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Comparator
- pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1 + hand weeding and hoeing at 5 WAEe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“Weight of hundred seeds was maximum with complete weed free which was statistically in parity with the application of pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1 + hand weeding and hoeing at 5 WAE and two hand weeding and hoeing 2 and 5 weeks after crop emergence (WAE) treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha plus hand weeding and hoeing 5 weeks after emergence gave the highest grain yield, 1982 kg/ha, in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha -1 + hand weeding and hoeing 5 weeks after crop emergencee1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- Higheste1
- Value
- 1982 kg ha -1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“Highest grain yield (1982 kg ha -1 ) and net returns (ETB 17362 ha -1 ) was obtained with the application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha -1 + hand weeding and hoeing 5 weeks after crop emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha plus hand weeding and hoeing 5 weeks after emergence gave the highest net returns, ETB 17362/ha, in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha -1 + hand weeding and hoeing 5 weeks after crop emergencee1
- Outcome
- net returnse1
- Direction
- Higheste1
- Value
- ETB 17362 ha -1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“Highest grain yield (1982 kg ha -1 ) and net returns (ETB 17362 ha -1 ) was obtained with the application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha -1 + hand weeding and hoeing 5 weeks after crop emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha combined with one hand weeding and hoeing at 5 WAE is the most appropriate weed management method for common bean.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 combined with one hand weeding and hoeing at 5 WAEe1
- Outcome
- the most appropriate method for effective weed managemente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Generally, it could be concluded that pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 combined with one hand weeding and hoeing at 5 WAE was the most appropriate method for effective weed management and profitable production of common bean”
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