Abstract
To evaluate the effect of minimizing N, P and K fertilization levels in the presence of biofertilizers, two field experiments were conducted during the two successive winter season of 2003/04 and 2004/05 at the irrigated research experimental farm of Nubaria. The experimental design was a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD). Main plots consisted of three N, P and K combination levels (low= L, medium= M, and high=H). Meanwhile, the sub-plots consisted of four biological fertilization treatments: control (without inoculation) inoculation with Rizobia (R), infection with Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) and co-inoculation and infection (R+AM). The results showed that plant height, GP (green pod) yield, and seed yield (SY) of fababean were responded significantly to the mineral fertilization. Inoculation with microorganisms increased biological yield (BY), SY, and staw yield (StY) of faba bean in the two growing season. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), phosphorous use efficiency (PUE), and potassium use efficiency (KUE) increased with decreasing fertilizer rate. With high fertilizer level, the coupled inoculation (R+AM) recorded the highest NUE, PUE, and KUE. Soil NH4+ concentration increased significantly with the coupled inoculation (R+AM) while it decreased significantly with (R) and (AM) compared to un-inoculated. In contrary, Soil NO3- increased significantly with (R), (AM), and (R+AM). Nutrients uptake by faba bean plants increased significantly with different levels of mineral fertilizers. The coupled inoculation had remarkable influences on all nutrients uptake than single biofertilizers. Concerning, the interaction of mineral and biofertilizers, it was noticed that (R) significantly increased N uptake in straw with L and M NPK. Phosphorous uptake was increased significantly in both straw and seeds with (AM) inoculation at all NPK fertilizer levels. For the coupled inoculation it was noticed that (R+AM) increased significantly N uptake in straw at the three fertilizer levels. Nitrogen, P and K uptake in the whole plants was also significantly increased by the interaction between mineral and biofertilizers. The combined treatment (high NPK+ coupled inoculation) produced the highest P and K in plants, while, the L-NPK with coupled inoculation recorded the highest N uptake for the whole plants.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilization significantly affected faba bean plant height, green pod yield and seed yield.
- Taxon
- fababean
Vicia fabae0 - Treatment
- mineral fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- plant height, GP (green pod) yield, and seed yield (SY)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height, GP (green pod) yield, and seed yield (SY) of fababean were responded significantly to the mineral fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial inoculation increased faba bean biological, seed and straw yields in both seasons.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with microorganismse0
- Outcome
- biological yield (BY), SY, and staw yield (StY)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- in the two growing seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with microorganisms increased biological yield (BY), SY, and staw yield (StY) of faba bean in the two growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium use efficiencies increased as fertilizer rate decreased.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- fertilizer ratee0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), phosphorous use efficiency (PUE), and potassium use efficiency (KUE)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), phosphorous use efficiency (PUE), and potassium use efficiency (KUE) increased with decreasing fertilizer rate”
t0“faba bean (Vicia faba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Coupled rhizobial and mycorrhizal inoculation gave the highest nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium use efficiencies at high fertilizer level.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- the coupled inoculation (R+AM)e0
- Outcome
- NUE, PUE, and KUEe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- With high fertilizer levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With high fertilizer level, the coupled inoculation (R+AM) recorded the highest NUE, PUE, and KUE”
t0“faba bean (Vicia faba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Coupled inoculation significantly increased soil ammonium concentration relative to no inoculation.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- coupled inoculation (R+AM)e0
- Outcome
- Soil NH4+ concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- un-inoculatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil NH4+ concentration increased significantly with the coupled inoculation (R+AM) while it decreased significantly with (R) and (AM) compared to un-inoculated”
t0“faba bean (Vicia faba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobial inoculation significantly decreased soil ammonium concentration relative to no inoculation.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- (R)e0
- Outcome
- Soil NH4+ concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- un-inoculatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil NH4+ concentration increased significantly with the coupled inoculation (R+AM) while it decreased significantly with (R) and (AM) compared to un-inoculated”
t0“faba bean (Vicia faba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly decreased soil ammonium concentration relative to no inoculation.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- (AM)e0
- Outcome
- Soil NH4+ concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- un-inoculatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil NH4+ concentration increased significantly with the coupled inoculation (R+AM) while it decreased significantly with (R) and (AM) compared to un-inoculated”
t0“faba bean (Vicia faba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobial, mycorrhizal and coupled inoculation each significantly increased soil nitrate.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- (R), (AM), and (R+AM)e0
- Outcome
- Soil NO3-e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil NO3- increased significantly with (R), (AM), and (R+AM)”
t0“faba bean (Vicia faba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilizer levels significantly increased nutrient uptake by faba bean.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- different levels of mineral fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- Nutrients uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nutrients uptake by faba bean plants increased significantly with different levels of mineral fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Coupled inoculation influenced nutrient uptake more than single inoculants.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- coupled inoculatione0
- Outcome
- all nutrients uptakee0
- Direction
- remarkable influencese0
- Comparator
- single biofertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The coupled inoculation had remarkable influences on all nutrients uptake than single biofertilizers”
t0“faba bean (Vicia faba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobial inoculation significantly increased straw nitrogen uptake under low and medium NPK.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- (R)e0
- Outcome
- N uptake in strawe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- with L and M NPKe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“(R) significantly increased N uptake in straw with L and M NPK”
t0“faba bean (Vicia faba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased phosphorus uptake in straw and seeds at every NPK level.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Organ / stage
- both straw and seedse0
- Treatment
- (AM) inoculatione0
- Outcome
- Phosphorous uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- at all NPK fertilizer levelse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorous uptake was increased significantly in both straw and seeds with (AM) inoculation at all NPK fertilizer levels”
t0“faba bean (Vicia faba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Coupled inoculation significantly increased straw nitrogen uptake at all three fertilizer levels.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- (R+AM)e0
- Outcome
- N uptake in strawe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- at the three fertilizer levelse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“(R+AM) increased significantly N uptake in straw at the three fertilizer levels”
t0“faba bean (Vicia faba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined mineral and biological fertilization significantly increased whole plant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- interaction between mineral and biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen, P and K uptake in the whole plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen, P and K uptake in the whole plants was also significantly increased by the interaction between mineral and biofertilizers”
t0“faba bean (Vicia faba)”
Claim · model-written summary
High NPK with coupled inoculation produced the highest plant phosphorus and potassium.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- high NPK+ coupled inoculatione0
- Outcome
- P and K in plantse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined treatment (high NPK+ coupled inoculation) produced the highest P and K in plants”
t0“faba bean (Vicia faba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low NPK with coupled inoculation produced the highest whole plant nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- L-NPK with coupled inoculatione0
- Outcome
- N uptake for the whole plantse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the L-NPK with coupled inoculation recorded the highest N uptake for the whole plants”
t0“faba bean (Vicia faba)”
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