Abstract
This study was conducted during three successive seasons of 2013/2014, 2014/ 2015 and 2015/2016, on 6-year-old Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis, L. Osbeck ) trees budded on sour orange rootstock and grown in sandy soil at 4 × 5 m under drip irrigation system. Forty-eight trees were subjected to 12 N fertilization treatments using ammonium nitrate (33.5%N) fertilizer. The N fertilizer was added through fertigation, soil application and trunk injection at different rates and periods. Trees fertigated at 1000 g N/ tree/year 3 times/ week gained the highest fruit set and fruit retention percentages in the three seasons. Trunk injected trees induced also higher percentages although they consumed very small amounts of N (0.2 – 0.3% of the recommended rate). Leafy inflorescences exhibited higher fruit set and fruit retention percentages than leafless ones. Fruit retention percentage on leafy inflorescences was 21.71, 3.14 and 2.97 folds its percentage on leafless ones in the three seasons, respectively. The highest yield and number of fruits/ tree as well as cropping efficiency were gained by trees fertigated at 1000 g N/tree/year 2 or 3 times/ week, followed by those soil applied at the same rate 3 times/ year and those trunk injected without significant differences between them in most cases. The produced fruits on trees of these treatments contained higher vitamn. C and lower total soluble solids (TSS)/ acid ratio. Trunk injected trees not only consumed very small amounts of fertilizers, but also produced comparable higher yield of fruits with higher firmness, juice volume, TSS/ acid ratio and vitamn. C content. They gave lower TSS and total acidity percentages in comparison with the other tested fertilization treatments in the three seasons.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Frequent fertigation at 1000 g N/tree/year gave the highest fruit set and retention.
- Taxon
- VALENCIA ORANGE TREES
Citrus sinensist0 - Treatment
- fertigated at 1000 g N/ tree/year 3 times/ weeke0
- Outcome
- fruit set and fruit retention percentagese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trees fertigated at 1000 g N/ tree/year 3 times/ week gained the highest fruit set and fruit retention percentages in the three seasons.”
t0“VALENCIA ORANGE TREES”
Claim · model-written summary
Trunk injection yielded higher fruit set and retention while using 0.2–0.3% of recommended N.
- Taxon
- VALENCIA ORANGE TREESCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- Trunk injectede0
- Outcome
- higher percentagese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.2 – 0.3% of the recommended ratee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trunk injected trees induced also higher percentages although they consumed very small amounts of N (0.2 – 0.3% of the recommended rate).”
t0“VALENCIA ORANGE TREES”
Claim · model-written summary
Leafy inflorescences had higher fruit set and retention than leafless ones.
- Taxon
- VALENCIA ORANGE TREESCitrus sinensist0
- Organ / stage
- Leafy inflorescencese0
- Outcome
- fruit set and fruit retention percentagese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- leafless onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leafy inflorescences exhibited higher fruit set and fruit retention percentages than leafless ones.”
t0“VALENCIA ORANGE TREES”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit retention on leafy inflorescences was 21.71, 3.14 and 2.97 times that on leafless inflorescences across three seasons.
- Taxon
- VALENCIA ORANGE TREESCitrus sinensist0
- Organ / stage
- leafy inflorescencese0
- Outcome
- Fruit retention percentagee0
- Value
- 21.71, 3.14 and 2.97 foldse0
- Comparator
- leafless onese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit retention percentage on leafy inflorescences was 21.71, 3.14 and 2.97 folds its percentage on leafless ones in the three seasons, respectively.”
t0“VALENCIA ORANGE TREES”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertigation at 1000 g N/tree/year twice or thrice weekly gave highest yield, fruit number and cropping efficiency.
- Taxon
- VALENCIA ORANGE TREESCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- fertigated at 1000 g N/tree/year 2 or 3 times/ weeke0
- Outcome
- yield and number of fruits/ tree as well as cropping efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield and number of fruits/ tree as well as cropping efficiency were gained by trees fertigated at 1000 g N/tree/year 2 or 3 times/ week”
t0“VALENCIA ORANGE TREES”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil application and trunk injection followed the best fertigation yield response without significant differences in most cases.
- Taxon
- VALENCIA ORANGE TREESCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- soil applied at the same rate 3 times/ yeare0
- Outcome
- without significant differencese0
- Direction
- without significant differencese0
- Comparator
- those trunk injectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by those soil applied at the same rate 3 times/ year and those trunk injected without significant differences between them in most cases.”
t0“VALENCIA ORANGE TREES”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit from the high-yield treatments had more vitamin C and a lower TSS to acid ratio.
- Taxon
- VALENCIA ORANGE TREESCitrus sinensist0
- Outcome
- vitamn. Ce0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- these treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The produced fruits on trees of these treatments contained higher vitamn. C and lower total soluble solids (TSS)/ acid ratio.”
t0“VALENCIA ORANGE TREES”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit from the high-yield treatments had a lower TSS to acid ratio.
- Taxon
- VALENCIA ORANGE TREESCitrus sinensist0
- Outcome
- total soluble solids (TSS)/ acid ratioe0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The produced fruits on trees of these treatments contained higher vitamn. C and lower total soluble solids (TSS)/ acid ratio.”
t0“VALENCIA ORANGE TREES”
Claim · model-written summary
Trunk injection produced relatively high fruit yield with greater firmness, juice volume, TSS to acid ratio and vitamin C.
- Taxon
- VALENCIA ORANGE TREESCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- Trunk injectede0
- Outcome
- yield of fruits with higher firmness, juice volume, TSS/ acid ratio and vitamn. C contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trunk injected trees not only consumed very small amounts of fertilizers, but also produced comparable higher yield of fruits with higher firmness, juice volume, TSS/ acid ratio and vitamn. C content.”
t0“VALENCIA ORANGE TREES”
Claim · model-written summary
Trunk injection reduced TSS and total acidity versus other fertilizer treatments.
- Taxon
- VALENCIA ORANGE TREESCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- Trunk injectede1
- Outcome
- TSS and total acidity percentagese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- other tested fertilization treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They gave lower TSS and total acidity percentages in comparison with the other tested fertilization treatments in the three seasons.”
e1“Trunk injected trees not only consumed very small amounts of fertilizers”
t0“VALENCIA ORANGE TREES”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · yield · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Results differ
38 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
44 papers more in this group
See all 48 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.