Abstract
Climate change prediction indicates an increased likelihood of precipitation variability and droughts in the Mediterranean region. Previous studies demonstrated that microbial symbionts combined with supplementary irrigation could mitigate climate change effects and boost chickpea production in low-fertility soils. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of inoculation with a consortium of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Pseudomonas sp., Burkholderia sp. and Mesorhizobium sp.) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Rhizophagus irregularis, Funneliformis geosporum and Claroideoglomus claroideum) on growth, grain yield and crude protein content of chickpeas under the following irrigation regimes: I1-no water stress, I2-moderate water stress, I3-strong water-stress, I4-no water stress in critical growth stages of plant cycle development and I5-severe water stress). Plants irrigated only during the critical growth stages of flowering and pod filling showed higher grain yields compared to plants from other water deficit irrigation treatments. Additionally, chickpeas co-inoculated with PGPR and AMF, and irrigated only during critical growth stages, presented higher grain yield than non-inoculated plants without water stress (1.45- and 1.33-fold increase in 2018 and 2019, respectively). Inoculation with beneficial microorganisms and supplemental irrigation at critical stages benefits chickpea growth and should be considered for increasing crop productivity and promoting agricultural sustainability.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation only during flowering and pod filling yielded more grain than other deficit irrigation treatments.
- Taxon
- Chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- irrigated only during the critical growth stages of flowering and pod fillinge0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other water deficit irrigation treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e0“Plants irrigated only during the critical growth stages of flowering and pod filling showed higher grain yields compared to plants from other water deficit irrigation treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation with PGPR and AMF plus critical-stage irrigation yielded 1.45-fold more grain in 2018 than uninoculated unstressed plants.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- co-inoculated with PGPR and AMF, and irrigated only during critical growth stagese0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.45-e0
- Qualifier
- 2018e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plants without water stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e0“chickpeas co-inoculated with PGPR and AMF, and irrigated only during critical growth stages, presented higher grain yield than non-inoculated plants without water stress (1.45- and 1.33-fold increase in 2018 and 2019, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation with PGPR and AMF plus critical-stage irrigation yielded 1.33-fold more grain in 2019 than uninoculated unstressed plants.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- co-inoculated with PGPR and AMF, and irrigated only during critical growth stagese0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.33-folde0
- Qualifier
- 2019e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plants without water stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e0“chickpeas co-inoculated with PGPR and AMF, and irrigated only during critical growth stages, presented higher grain yield than non-inoculated plants without water stress (1.45- and 1.33-fold increase in 2018 and 2019, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend beneficial microorganisms and supplemental irrigation at critical stages to increase chickpea growth and productivity.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- Inoculation with beneficial microorganisms and supplemental irrigation at critical stagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e0“Inoculation with beneficial microorganisms and supplemental irrigation at critical stages benefits chickpea growth and should be considered for increasing crop productivity and promoting agricultural sustainability”
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