Abstract
Nitrogen (N), the most vital nutrient, undergoes a transformation in the soil and was subjected to loss through ammonia volatilization, nitrate leaching, and denitrification, which lower the soil fertility, crop yield and pollute the environment. Integrated nutrient management (INM) improves the nutrient supply system by integrating recommended dose fertilizers and biofertilizers, lessens the nitrogen losses, and synchronizes with the nutrient demand of the crop. To evaluate the impact of INM on minimization of N losses and improvement of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and growth parameters, a field experiment was conducted with different combinations of biofertilizers along with the recommended dosage of fertilizers. Application of NPK + Azotobacter + mycorrhiza (Tram) in combination was found to improve soil nitrogen dynamics, availability of P, K, microbial activity, root growth, urease activity, and nitrogen use efficiency as compared to NPK (Tr) only. The cumulative emission from ammonia flux in the INM plot varied from 10.2 to 10.6 kg ha−1 and denitrification losses varied from 2.4 to 2.5 kg ha−1. At the same time, these were recorded significantly higher in Tr plot. The yield obtained under the INM plot receiving Tram was recorded as 6.4 t ha−1, which is higher than other treatments.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
NPK plus Azotobacter and mycorrhiza improved soil nitrogen dynamics and P and K availability relative to NPK.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- NPK + Azotobacter + mycorrhiza (Tram)e0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter
Azotobactere0symbiont - Second interactor
- mycorrhizae0symbiont
- Outcome
- soil nitrogen dynamics, availability of P, Ke0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Comparator
- NPK (Tr) onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of NPK + Azotobacter + mycorrhiza (Tram) in combination was found to improve soil nitrogen dynamics, availability of P, K, microbial activity, root growth, urease activity, and nitrogen use efficiency as compared to NPK (Tr) only.”
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment improved microbial activity, root growth and urease activity relative to NPK.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- NPK + Azotobacter + mycorrhiza (Tram)e0
- Outcome
- microbial activity, root growth, urease activitye0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Comparator
- NPK (Tr) onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of NPK + Azotobacter + mycorrhiza (Tram) in combination was found to improve soil nitrogen dynamics, availability of P, K, microbial activity, root growth, urease activity, and nitrogen use efficiency as compared to NPK (Tr) only.”
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment improved nitrogen use efficiency relative to NPK.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- NPK + Azotobacter + mycorrhiza (Tram)e0
- Outcome
- nitrogen use efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Comparator
- NPK (Tr) onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of NPK + Azotobacter + mycorrhiza (Tram) in combination was found to improve soil nitrogen dynamics, availability of P, K, microbial activity, root growth, urease activity, and nitrogen use efficiency as compared to NPK (Tr) only.”
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The INM plot emitted 10.2 to 10.6 kg ha−1 of ammonia, less than the NPK plot.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- INMe0
- Outcome
- cumulative emission from ammonia fluxe0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 10.2 to 10.6 kg ha−1e0
- Comparator
- Tr plote1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cumulative emission from ammonia flux in the INM plot varied from 10.2 to 10.6 kg ha−1”
e1“At the same time, these were recorded significantly higher in Tr plot.”
e2“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The INM plot had 2.4 to 2.5 kg ha−1 denitrification losses, less than the NPK plot.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- INMe3
- Outcome
- denitrification lossese0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 2.4 to 2.5 kg ha−1e0
- Comparator
- Tr plote1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“denitrification losses varied from 2.4 to 2.5 kg ha−1”
e1“At the same time, these were recorded significantly higher in Tr plot.”
e2“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e3“in the INM plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Tram yielded 6.4 t ha−1, higher than other treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Trame0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6.4 t ha−1e0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield obtained under the INM plot receiving Tram was recorded as 6.4 t ha−1, which is higher than other treatments.”
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
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See all 214 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.