Abstract
Abstract The rapid adoption of dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐2‐methoxybenzoic acid)‐resistant (DR) soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] resulted in an increase of post‐emergent dicamba applications during the soybean‐growing season, resulting in off‐target movement and injury to non‐DR soybean. Field trials were established in Manhattan, KS, in 2018 and 2019 and in Ottawa, KS, in 2019 to characterize the response of non‐DR soybean to one, two, or three applications of reduced rates of dicamba at three application timings. Soybean were treated with 0.56, 1.12, and 5.6 g a.e. ha −1 of dicamba, which is equivalent to 1/1,000X, 1/500X, and 1/100X of a 1X field‐use rate (560 g a.e. ha −1 ), respectively. Soybean plants were treated at V3, R1, R3, V3 followed by (fb) R1, V3 fb R3, R1 fb R3, and V3 fb R1 fb R3 growth stages. Soybean injury from dicamba was less severe following application during the V3 than the R1 or R3 growth stages. In general soybean injury was the greatest 4 wk after application. The greatest soybean yield reduction (68%) followed dicamba applications of 5.6 g a.e. ha −1 at V3 fb R1 fb R3 in Manhattan, KS, 2018, where yield loss was generally greater and may be attributed to droughty conditions. Yield loss was minimal in Manhattan, KS, and Ottawa, KS, in 2019 following a single dicamba application at the V3 stage, regardless of application rate and following dicamba application at 0.56 g a.e. ha −1 , regardless of number of applications. The greatest soybean yield losses from dicamba occurred with two or three applications at 1.12 or 5.6 g a.e. ha −1 .
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba injury was less severe after V3 application than after R1 or R3 application.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- V3e0
- Treatment
- dicambae0
- Outcome
- Soybean injurye0
- Direction
- less severee0
- Comparator
- R1 or R3 growth stagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean injury from dicamba was less severe following application during the V3 than the R1 or R3 growth stages.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba injury generally peaked four weeks after application.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- soybean injurye0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Qualifier
- 4 wk after applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In general soybean injury was the greatest 4 wk after application.”
Claim · model-written summary
Three 5.6 g dicamba applications reduced yield by 68% at Manhattan in 2018.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- dicamba applications of 5.6 g a.e. ha −1 at V3 fb R1 fb R3e0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 68%e0
- Setting
- Manhattan, KS, 2018e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest soybean yield reduction (68%) followed dicamba applications of 5.6 g a.e. ha −1 at V3 fb R1 fb R3 in Manhattan, KS, 2018”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield loss in 2018 was generally greater and possibly drought related.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- yield losse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- droughty conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield loss was generally greater and may be attributed to droughty conditions.”
e1“Soybean injury from dicamba was less severe following application during the V3 than the R1 or R3 growth stages.”
Claim · model-written summary
A single V3 dicamba application caused minimal yield loss in 2019.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- a single dicamba application at the V3 stagee0
- Outcome
- Yield losse0
- Direction
- minimale0
- Setting
- Manhattan, KS, and Ottawa, KS, in 2019e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield loss was minimal in Manhattan, KS, and Ottawa, KS, in 2019 following a single dicamba application at the V3 stage, regardless of application rate”
e1“Soybean injury from dicamba was less severe following application during the V3 than the R1 or R3 growth stages.”
Claim · model-written summary
Applications at 0.56 g caused minimal yield loss regardless of count.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- dicamba application at 0.56 g a.e. ha −1e0
- Outcome
- Yield losse2
- Direction
- minimale2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“following dicamba application at 0.56 g a.e. ha −1 , regardless of number of applications.”
e1“Soybean injury from dicamba was less severe following application during the V3 than the R1 or R3 growth stages.”
e2“Yield loss was minimal in Manhattan, KS, and Ottawa, KS, in 2019 following a single dicamba application at the V3 stage, regardless of application rate”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest yield losses followed two or three applications at 1.12 or 5.6 g.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- two or three applications at 1.12 or 5.6 g a.e. ha −1e0
- Outcome
- soybean yield lossese0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest soybean yield losses from dicamba occurred with two or three applications at 1.12 or 5.6 g a.e. ha −1 .”
The same questions in other papers
dicamba · crop injury · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 28 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
33 papers more in this group
See all 37 papers →dicamba · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
37 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
45 papers more in this group
See all 49 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.