Abstract
Indian jujube or ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) is a deciduous fruit tree typically cultivated in several semi-arid areas of Asia because of its adaptability to yield-limiting conditions. The present study aimed to assess the effect of four pruning times (i.e., the fourth week of March, second week of April, fourth week of April, and second week of May) and four treatments using stress-mitigating plant bio-regulators (thiourea at 500 ppm and 1000 ppm; salicylic acid at 100 ppm and 150 ppm) as a means to improve both fruit yield and quality post-harvest. To this end, a full factorial experiment lasting two growing seasons was carried out under field conditions in the representative semi-arid region of Rajasthan, the state with the largest production in India. We assessed the vegetative growth of the trees, the fruit size and yield, and some quality parameters (soluble content, acidity, ascorbic acid, and total sugars) as well as the main post-harvest traits (fruit weight loss and spoilage). Overall, pruning during the second week of April had the greatest positive influence on most of the variables studied. For instance, it induced the highest vegetative vigor, allowing the maintenance of relatively higher chlorophyll and relative water content in the leaves. The fruit parameters also responded most positively to the second week of April pruning, a treatment that, compared to the others, induced a higher diameter; a higher amount of TSS (19.6 °Brix), ascorbic acid (86.5 mg/100 g), and total sugar (10.4%); and a better post-harvest shelf-life. Among the plant bio-regulators, the application of thiourea at 1000 ppm had the highest positive influence on the growth parameters, yield, quality, and reduction in spoilage post-harvest. The differences between the doses of PBRs were limited.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning in the second week of April gave the greatest positive influence on most assessed variables.
- Taxon
- ber
Ziziphus mauritianae1 - Treatment
- pruning during the second week of Aprile0
- Outcome
- most of the variables studiede0
- Direction
- greatest positive influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, pruning during the second week of April had the greatest positive influence on most of the variables studied”
e1“ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Second-week April pruning yielded the highest vegetative vigor.
- Taxon
- berZiziphus mauritianae2
- Treatment
- pruning during the second week of Aprile1
- Outcome
- vegetative vigore0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it induced the highest vegetative vigor”
e1“pruning during the second week of April”
e2“ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Second-week April pruning maintained relatively higher leaf chlorophyll and water content.
- Taxon
- berZiziphus mauritianae2
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- pruning during the second week of Aprile1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and relative water contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relatively higher chlorophyll and relative water content in the leaves”
e1“pruning during the second week of April”
e2“ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Second-week April pruning increased fruit diameter compared with other pruning times.
- Taxon
- berZiziphus mauritianae2
- Treatment
- pruning during the second week of Aprile1
- Outcome
- diametere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- the otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared to the others, induced a higher diameter”
e1“pruning during the second week of April”
e2“ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Second-week April pruning gave higher TSS of 19.6 °Brix.
- Taxon
- berZiziphus mauritianae2
- Treatment
- pruning during the second week of Aprile1
- Outcome
- TSSe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 19.6 °Brixe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a higher amount of TSS (19.6 °Brix)”
e1“pruning during the second week of April”
e2“ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Second-week April pruning gave higher ascorbic acid of 86.5 mg/100 g.
- Taxon
- berZiziphus mauritianae3
- Treatment
- pruning during the second week of Aprile2
- Outcome
- ascorbic acide0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 86.5 mg/100 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ascorbic acid (86.5 mg/100 g)”
e1“a higher amount of TSS (19.6 °Brix), ascorbic acid (86.5 mg/100 g)”
e2“pruning during the second week of April”
e3“ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Second-week April pruning gave higher total sugar of 10.4%.
- Taxon
- berZiziphus mauritianae3
- Treatment
- pruning during the second week of Aprile2
- Outcome
- total sugare0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 10.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total sugar (10.4%)”
e1“a higher amount of TSS (19.6 °Brix), ascorbic acid (86.5 mg/100 g), and total sugar (10.4%)”
e2“pruning during the second week of April”
e3“ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Second-week April pruning improved postharvest shelf life.
- Taxon
- berZiziphus mauritianae2
- Treatment
- pruning during the second week of Aprile1
- Outcome
- post-harvest shelf-lifee0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a better post-harvest shelf-life”
e1“pruning during the second week of April”
e2“ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiourea at 1000 ppm had the highest positive influence on growth, yield and quality.
- Taxon
- berZiziphus mauritianae1
- Treatment
- thiourea at 1000 ppme0
- Outcome
- growth parameters, yield, qualitye0
- Direction
- highest positive influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thiourea at 1000 ppm had the highest positive influence on the growth parameters, yield, quality”
e1“ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiourea at 1000 ppm most reduced postharvest spoilage.
- Taxon
- berZiziphus mauritianae1
- Treatment
- thiourea at 1000 ppme0
- Outcome
- spoilage post-harveste0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thiourea at 1000 ppm had the highest positive influence on the growth parameters, yield, quality, and reduction in spoilage post-harvest”
e1“ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Differences among bio-regulator doses were limited.
- Taxon
- berZiziphus mauritianae1
- Outcome
- differences between the doses of PBRse0
- Qualifier
- limitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The differences between the doses of PBRs were limited”
e1“ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.)”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.