Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has attained top priority among all the toxic trace elements, and it easily accumulates in the human body through various pathways. The current pot study was focused on the impacts of foliar spray zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) (0, 50, 75, 100 mg·L−1), alone or combined with soil-applied bamboo biochar (1.0% w/w), on the maize growth and Cd and Zn accumulations in the grains of maize under Cd-contaminated soil. The results showed that the maize-growth, photosynthesis, and gas-exchange attributes were accelerated by the foliar-applied ZnO NPs, and this effect was further enhanced by the bamboo biochar application in combination with ZnO NPs. All the amendments decreased the electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents, and they enhanced the activities of the antioxidant enzymes in the leaves and roots of the maize more than the control. The Cd concentrations in the shoots decreased by 74.55%, in the roots 66.38%, and in the grains by 76.19% after the bamboo biochar combined with a foliar spray of 100 mg·L−1 ZnO NPs. The current study concluded that the combination of the foliar spray of ZnO NPs and soil-applied bamboo biochar is a feasible strategy for safely growing crops on Cd-contaminated soils.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar ZnO nanoparticles improved maize growth, photosynthesis and gas exchange.
- Treatment
- foliar-applied ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- maize-growth, photosynthesis, and gas-exchange attributese0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maize-growth, photosynthesis, and gas-exchange attributes were accelerated by the foliar-applied ZnO NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding bamboo biochar further enhanced the ZnO nanoparticle effects.
- Treatment
- bamboo biochar application in combination with ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- this effecte0
- Direction
- further enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this effect was further enhanced by the bamboo biochar application in combination with ZnO NPs.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The amendments reduced maize electrolyte leakage, MDA and hydrogen peroxide relative to control.
- Treatment
- All the amendmentse0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the amendments decreased the electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The amendments increased antioxidant enzyme activities in maize leaves and roots.
- Treatment
- All the amendmentse0
- Outcome
- activities of the antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the amendments decreased the electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents, and they enhanced the activities of the antioxidant enzymes in the leaves and roots of the maize more than the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined biochar and 100 mg·L−1 ZnO NPs reduced shoot Cd concentration by 74.55%.
- Treatment
- bamboo biochar combined with a foliar spray of 100 mg·L−1 ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- Cd concentrations in the shootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 74.55%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Cd concentrations in the shoots decreased by 74.55%, in the roots 66.38%, and in the grains by 76.19% after the bamboo biochar combined with a foliar spray of 100 mg·L−1 ZnO NPs.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment reduced root Cd concentration by 66.38%.
- Treatment
- bamboo biochar combined with a foliar spray of 100 mg·L−1 ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- in the rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 66.38%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Cd concentrations in the shoots decreased by 74.55%, in the roots 66.38%, and in the grains by 76.19% after the bamboo biochar combined with a foliar spray of 100 mg·L−1 ZnO NPs.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment reduced grain Cd concentration by 76.19%.
- Treatment
- bamboo biochar combined with a foliar spray of 100 mg·L−1 ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- in the grainse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 76.19%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Cd concentrations in the shoots decreased by 74.55%, in the roots 66.38%, and in the grains by 76.19% after the bamboo biochar combined with a foliar spray of 100 mg·L−1 ZnO NPs.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend combined ZnO nanoparticle spray and bamboo biochar for growing crops on Cd-contaminated soils.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of the foliar spray of ZnO NPs and soil-applied bamboo biochar is a feasible strategy for safely growing crops on Cd-contaminated soils.”
The same questions in other papers
zinc oxide · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →zinc oxide · physiology: photosynthesis · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →nanoparticle · physiology: photosynthesis · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
34 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
35 papers more in this group
See all 39 papers →application · physiology: photosynthesis · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
49 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
53 papers more in this group
See all 57 papers →nanoparticle · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
66 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
73 papers more in this group
See all 77 papers →biochar · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
115 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
119 papers more in this group
See all 123 papers →application · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
150 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
157 papers more in this group
See all 161 papers →other · physiology: oxidative · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
9 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.