Abstract
A field trail was carried out in sandy soil at Borollous location North Nile Delta, Kafr EL-Sheikh Governorate during two successive summer seasons of 2003 and 2004. The study concerned with the effect of different types and levels of organic manures combined with inoculation of tomato plants with Mycorrhiza and Azospirillum as biofertilizers on plant growth, yield and its components as well as fruit quality. Besides, the microbiological activity in rhizosphere area of tomato root in terms of Mycorrhiza root colonization, the cell counts of Azospirillum and nitrogenous activity were also studied. Results revealed that the highest vegetative growth i.e. stem length, number of branches and leaves as well as fresh and dry weight of tomato plant were obtained by applying 10 ton/fed. of chicken manure + biofertilizers. On the contrary the lowest values were recorded with the other compost treatments included in this study i.e. Obour, Biogreen and EL-Arish with biofertilizer. Regarding plant chemical constituents, i.e. NPK, chlorophyll as well as fruit chemical contents, i.e. acidity, Vitamin C and TSS, results showed that the leaf content of chlorophyll as well as N, P, were higher by using chicken manure combined with bio fertilizer than the other studied types of compost. The concentration of vitamin C in tomato fruit increased significantly by using chicken manure combined with Bio-fertilizers. Tomato plants fertilized with chicken manure at a rate of 8 ton /fed. combined with biofertilizer produced the highest fruit yield as compared with the other tested treatments in this study. Concerning root rhizosphere tomato microbial activity, results revealed that all tested treatments increased significantly all microbial tested parameters over the control in both seasons. However, using chicken manure + biofertilizers gave the highest percentage of root Mycorrhiza colonization, as well as cell counts of Azospirillum and nitrogenase activity compared to the other tested organic manures + biofertilizer including control treatment. It can be recommended that chicken manure at a rate of 8 ton /fed + biofertilizer, which gave the highest fruit yield with best quality as well as microbial activity for the root rhizosphere, can be used for tomato cultivation in sandy soil. Moreover, producing tomato crop free from any chemical residues, through avoiding the use of chemical fertilizers.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 10 ton/fed. of chicken manure with biofertilizers gave the highest stem length, number of branches and leaves.
- Taxon
- tomato plant
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- 10 ton/fed. of chicken manure + biofertilizerse1
- Outcome
- stem length, number of branches and leavese1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the highest vegetative growth i.e. stem length, number of branches and leaves as well as fresh and dry weight of tomato plant were obtained by applying 10 ton/fed. of chicken manure + biofertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 10 ton/fed. of chicken manure with biofertilizers gave the highest fresh and dry weight of tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomato plantSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- 10 ton/fed. of chicken manure + biofertilizerse1
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weighte1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the highest vegetative growth i.e. stem length, number of branches and leaves as well as fresh and dry weight of tomato plant were obtained by applying 10 ton/fed. of chicken manure + biofertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
The other compost treatments with biofertilizer gave the lowest vegetative growth of tomato.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Obour, Biogreen and EL-Arish with biofertilizere3
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe4
- Direction
- loweste3
- Comparator
- chicken manure + biofertilizerse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO GROWN IN SANDY SOIL”
e3“On the contrary the lowest values were recorded with the other compost treatments included in this study i.e. Obour, Biogreen and EL-Arish with biofertilizer”
e4“the highest vegetative growth i.e. stem length”
e1“the highest vegetative growth i.e. stem length, number of branches and leaves as well as fresh and dry weight of tomato plant were obtained by applying 10 ton/fed. of chicken manure + biofertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken manure with biofertilizer gave higher leaf chlorophyll, N and P than the other compost types.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- chicken manure combined with bio fertilizere5
- Outcome
- leaf content of chlorophyll as well as N, Pe5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- the other studied types of composte5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO GROWN IN SANDY SOIL”
e5“the leaf content of chlorophyll as well as N, P, were higher by using chicken manure combined with bio fertilizer than the other studied types of compost”
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken manure combined with biofertilizers significantly increased the vitamin C concentration in tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume6
- Organ / stage
- fruite6
- Treatment
- chicken manure combined with Bio-fertilizerse6
- Outcome
- concentration of vitamin C in tomato fruite6
- Direction
- increased significantlye6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The concentration of vitamin C in tomato fruit increased significantly by using chicken manure combined with Bio-fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato fertilized with chicken manure at 8 ton/fed. with biofertilizer gave the highest fruit yield.
- Taxon
- Tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume7
- Treatment
- chicken manure at a rate of 8 ton /fed. combined with biofertilizere7
- Outcome
- fruit yielde7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Comparator
- the other tested treatmentse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Tomato plants fertilized with chicken manure at a rate of 8 ton /fed. combined with biofertilizer produced the highest fruit yield as compared with the other tested treatments in this study”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested treatments significantly increased all rhizosphere microbial parameters over the control in both seasons.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- all tested treatmentse1
- Outcome
- all microbial tested parameterse1
- Direction
- increased significantlye1
- Comparator
- the controle1
- Setting
- both seasonse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO GROWN IN SANDY SOIL”
e1“all tested treatments increased significantly all microbial tested parameters over the control in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken manure with biofertilizers gave the highest percentage of root Mycorrhiza colonization of tomato.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- chicken manure + biofertilizerse1
- Interactor
- Mycorrhizae1symbiont
- Second interactor
- Azospirillum
Azospirillume1symbiont - Outcome
- percentage of root Mycorrhiza colonizatione1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- the other tested organic manures + biofertilizer including control treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO GROWN IN SANDY SOIL”
e1“using chicken manure + biofertilizers gave the highest percentage of root Mycorrhiza colonization, as well as cell counts of Azospirillum and nitrogenase activity compared to the other tested organic manures + biofertilizer including control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken manure with biofertilizers gave the highest Azospirillum cell counts and nitrogenase activity in tomato rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- chicken manure + biofertilizerse1
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume1symbiont
- Outcome
- cell counts of Azospirillum and nitrogenase activitye1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- the other tested organic manures + biofertilizer including control treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO GROWN IN SANDY SOIL”
e1“using chicken manure + biofertilizers gave the highest percentage of root Mycorrhiza colonization, as well as cell counts of Azospirillum and nitrogenase activity compared to the other tested organic manures + biofertilizer including control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken manure at 8 ton/fed. with biofertilizer can be used for tomato cultivation in sandy soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- chicken manure at a rate of 8 ton /fed + biofertilizere1
- Outcome
- tomato cultivation in sandy soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“It can be recommended that chicken manure at a rate of 8 ton /fed + biofertilizer, which gave the highest fruit yield with best quality as well as microbial activity for the root rhizosphere, can be used for tomato cultivation in sandy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Avoiding chemical fertilizers allows producing tomato crop free from chemical residues.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- avoiding the use of chemical fertilizerse1
- Outcome
- producing tomato crop free from any chemical residuese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“producing tomato crop free from any chemical residues, through avoiding the use of chemical fertilizers”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.