Abstract
A two-year field experiment was conducted in two consecutive rabi seasons under arid climatic conditions to examine the effect of different fertility levels and herbicides on weed dynamics and the performance of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Results revealed that a significantly minimum weed dry weight was recorded with 75% RDF (Recommended Dose of Fertilizer) (90-30 kg N-P 2 O 5 /ha). Application of 100% RDF (120-40 kg N-P 2 O 5 /ha) recorded significantly higher weed dry weight at 35 DAS (Days After Sowing) (16.50 g/m 2 ) and harvest (28.15 g/m 2 ), growth and yield attributes i.e. plant height (89.14 cm), crop dry matter accumulation (300.8 g/meter row length), crop growth rate (17.08 g/m 2 /day), leaf area index at 50 DAS (3.06, net assimilation rate 50-75 DAS, length of the spike (13.36 cm), number of grains/spike (41.52), grain yield (4083 kg/ha), straw yield (5019 kg/ha) and biological yield (9103 kg/ha) over 75% RDF. This treatment remains at par with 125% RDF (150-50 kg N-P 2 O 5 /ha) except for the leaf area index at 75 DAS. Among the herbicidal treatments, application of the ready-to-use herbicides clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha provided a superior value of weed indices i.e. higher weed control efficiency (91.30), crop resistance-index, and herbicide efficiency-index, and lower weed-index (1.91) over other herbicides. This treatment also exhibited significantly higher plant height (92.33 cm), crop dry matter accumulation (325.5g/meter row length), crop growth rate (16.49 g/m 2 /day), leaf area index (3.15), net assimilation rate, length of the spike (14.28 cm), number of spike/meter row length (153.0), number of grains/spike (44.52), grain yield (4374 kg/ha), straw yield (5381 kg/ha) and biological yield (9755 kg/ha) over weedy check plot, which was followed by sulfosulfuron 75% + metsulfuron methyl 5% @ 32 g/ha, both of which remained statistically at par with each other except for the number of grains/spike. The application of 100% RDF and clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha recorded higher net returns and maximum B: C ratio.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
The 75% recommended fertilizer dose produced the lowest weed dry weight.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- 75% RDF (Recommended Dose of Fertilizer) (90-30 kg N-P 2 O 5 /ha)e0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed dry weighte0
- Direction
- minimume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significantly minimum weed dry weight was recorded with 75% RDF (Recommended Dose of Fertilizer) (90-30 kg N-P 2 O 5 /ha).”
t0“wheat”
e1“Application of 100% RDF (120-40 kg N-P 2 O 5 /ha) recorded significantly higher weed dry weight at 35 DAS (Days After Sowing) (16.50 g/m 2 ) and harvest (28.15 g/m 2 ), growth and yield attributes i.e. plant height (89.14 cm), crop dry matter accumulation (300.8 g/meter row length), crop growth rate (17.08 g/m 2 /day), leaf area index at 50 DAS (3.06, net assimilation rate 50-75 DAS, length of the spike (13.36 cm), number of grains/spike (41.52), grain yield (4083 kg/ha), straw yield (5019 kg/ha) and biological yield (9103 kg/ha) over 75% RDF.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% fertilizer dose raised weed dry weight at 35 days and harvest relative to 75%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF (120-40 kg N-P 2 O 5 /ha)e0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed dry weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 16.50 g/m 2e0
- Comparator
- 75% RDFe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 100% RDF (120-40 kg N-P 2 O 5 /ha) recorded significantly higher weed dry weight at 35 DAS (Days After Sowing) (16.50 g/m 2 ) and harvest (28.15 g/m 2 ), growth and yield attributes”
t0“wheat”
e1“Application of 100% RDF (120-40 kg N-P 2 O 5 /ha) recorded significantly higher weed dry weight at 35 DAS (Days After Sowing) (16.50 g/m 2 ) and harvest (28.15 g/m 2 ), growth and yield attributes i.e. plant height (89.14 cm), crop dry matter accumulation (300.8 g/meter row length), crop growth rate (17.08 g/m 2 /day), leaf area index at 50 DAS (3.06, net assimilation rate 50-75 DAS, length of the spike (13.36 cm), number of grains/spike (41.52), grain yield (4083 kg/ha), straw yield (5019 kg/ha) and biological yield (9103 kg/ha) over 75% RDF.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% fertilizer dose increased wheat grain yield to 4083 kg/ha over 75%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% RDFe1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 4083 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- 75% RDFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield (4083 kg/ha), straw yield (5019 kg/ha) and biological yield (9103 kg/ha) over 75% RDF.”
t0“wheat”
e1“Application of 100% RDF (120-40 kg N-P 2 O 5 /ha) recorded significantly higher weed dry weight at 35 DAS (Days After Sowing) (16.50 g/m 2 ) and harvest (28.15 g/m 2 ), growth and yield attributes i.e. plant height (89.14 cm), crop dry matter accumulation (300.8 g/meter row length), crop growth rate (17.08 g/m 2 /day), leaf area index at 50 DAS (3.06, net assimilation rate 50-75 DAS, length of the spike (13.36 cm), number of grains/spike (41.52), grain yield (4083 kg/ha), straw yield (5019 kg/ha) and biological yield (9103 kg/ha) over 75% RDF.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% fertilizer dose increased straw yield to 5019 kg/ha over 75%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% RDFe1
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 5019 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- 75% RDFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield (4083 kg/ha), straw yield (5019 kg/ha) and biological yield (9103 kg/ha) over 75% RDF.”
t0“wheat”
e1“Application of 100% RDF (120-40 kg N-P 2 O 5 /ha) recorded significantly higher weed dry weight at 35 DAS (Days After Sowing) (16.50 g/m 2 ) and harvest (28.15 g/m 2 ), growth and yield attributes i.e. plant height (89.14 cm), crop dry matter accumulation (300.8 g/meter row length), crop growth rate (17.08 g/m 2 /day), leaf area index at 50 DAS (3.06, net assimilation rate 50-75 DAS, length of the spike (13.36 cm), number of grains/spike (41.52), grain yield (4083 kg/ha), straw yield (5019 kg/ha) and biological yield (9103 kg/ha) over 75% RDF.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% fertilizer dose increased biological yield to 9103 kg/ha over 75%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% RDFe1
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 9103 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- 75% RDFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield (4083 kg/ha), straw yield (5019 kg/ha) and biological yield (9103 kg/ha) over 75% RDF.”
t0“wheat”
e1“Application of 100% RDF (120-40 kg N-P 2 O 5 /ha) recorded significantly higher weed dry weight at 35 DAS (Days After Sowing) (16.50 g/m 2 ) and harvest (28.15 g/m 2 ), growth and yield attributes i.e. plant height (89.14 cm), crop dry matter accumulation (300.8 g/meter row length), crop growth rate (17.08 g/m 2 /day), leaf area index at 50 DAS (3.06, net assimilation rate 50-75 DAS, length of the spike (13.36 cm), number of grains/spike (41.52), grain yield (4083 kg/ha), straw yield (5019 kg/ha) and biological yield (9103 kg/ha) over 75% RDF.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% fertilizer dose was comparable with 125%, except for leaf area index at 75 days.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% RDFe1
- Outcome
- at pare0
- Direction
- at pare0
- Qualifier
- except for the leaf area index at 75 DASe0
- Comparator
- 125% RDF (150-50 kg N-P 2 O 5 /ha)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This treatment remains at par with 125% RDF (150-50 kg N-P 2 O 5 /ha) except for the leaf area index at 75 DAS.”
t0“wheat”
e1“Application of 100% RDF (120-40 kg N-P 2 O 5 /ha) recorded significantly higher weed dry weight at 35 DAS (Days After Sowing) (16.50 g/m 2 ) and harvest (28.15 g/m 2 ), growth and yield attributes i.e. plant height (89.14 cm), crop dry matter accumulation (300.8 g/meter row length), crop growth rate (17.08 g/m 2 /day), leaf area index at 50 DAS (3.06, net assimilation rate 50-75 DAS, length of the spike (13.36 cm), number of grains/spike (41.52), grain yield (4083 kg/ha), straw yield (5019 kg/ha) and biological yield (9103 kg/ha) over 75% RDF.”
Claim · model-written summary
The clodinafop plus metsulfuron treatment achieved higher weed control efficiency of 91.30.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/hae0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 91.30e0
- Comparator
- other herbicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of the ready-to-use herbicides clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha provided a superior value of weed indices i.e. higher weed control efficiency (91.30), crop resistance-index, and herbicide efficiency-index, and lower weed-index (1.91) over other herbicides.”
t0“wheat”
e1“Application of 100% RDF (120-40 kg N-P 2 O 5 /ha) recorded significantly higher weed dry weight at 35 DAS (Days After Sowing) (16.50 g/m 2 ) and harvest (28.15 g/m 2 ), growth and yield attributes i.e. plant height (89.14 cm), crop dry matter accumulation (300.8 g/meter row length), crop growth rate (17.08 g/m 2 /day), leaf area index at 50 DAS (3.06, net assimilation rate 50-75 DAS, length of the spike (13.36 cm), number of grains/spike (41.52), grain yield (4083 kg/ha), straw yield (5019 kg/ha) and biological yield (9103 kg/ha) over 75% RDF.”
Claim · model-written summary
The same herbicide treatment produced a lower weed index of 1.91.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/hae0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed-indexe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 1.91e0
- Comparator
- other herbicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of the ready-to-use herbicides clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha provided a superior value of weed indices i.e. higher weed control efficiency (91.30), crop resistance-index, and herbicide efficiency-index, and lower weed-index (1.91) over other herbicides.”
t0“wheat”
e1“Application of 100% RDF (120-40 kg N-P 2 O 5 /ha) recorded significantly higher weed dry weight at 35 DAS (Days After Sowing) (16.50 g/m 2 ) and harvest (28.15 g/m 2 ), growth and yield attributes i.e. plant height (89.14 cm), crop dry matter accumulation (300.8 g/meter row length), crop growth rate (17.08 g/m 2 /day), leaf area index at 50 DAS (3.06, net assimilation rate 50-75 DAS, length of the spike (13.36 cm), number of grains/spike (41.52), grain yield (4083 kg/ha), straw yield (5019 kg/ha) and biological yield (9103 kg/ha) over 75% RDF.”
Claim · model-written summary
The same herbicide treatment increased grain yield to 4374 kg/ha over the weedy check.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/hae2
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 4374 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- weedy check plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield (4374 kg/ha), straw yield (5381 kg/ha) and biological yield (9755 kg/ha) over weedy check plot”
t0“wheat”
e1“Application of 100% RDF (120-40 kg N-P 2 O 5 /ha) recorded significantly higher weed dry weight at 35 DAS (Days After Sowing) (16.50 g/m 2 ) and harvest (28.15 g/m 2 ), growth and yield attributes i.e. plant height (89.14 cm), crop dry matter accumulation (300.8 g/meter row length), crop growth rate (17.08 g/m 2 /day), leaf area index at 50 DAS (3.06, net assimilation rate 50-75 DAS, length of the spike (13.36 cm), number of grains/spike (41.52), grain yield (4083 kg/ha), straw yield (5019 kg/ha) and biological yield (9103 kg/ha) over 75% RDF.”
e2“application of the ready-to-use herbicides clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha provided a superior value of weed indices i.e. higher weed control efficiency (91.30), crop resistance-index, and herbicide efficiency-index, and lower weed-index (1.91) over other herbicides.”
Claim · model-written summary
The same herbicide treatment increased straw yield to 5381 kg/ha over the weedy check.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/hae2
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 5381 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- weedy check plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield (4374 kg/ha), straw yield (5381 kg/ha) and biological yield (9755 kg/ha) over weedy check plot”
t0“wheat”
e1“Application of 100% RDF (120-40 kg N-P 2 O 5 /ha) recorded significantly higher weed dry weight at 35 DAS (Days After Sowing) (16.50 g/m 2 ) and harvest (28.15 g/m 2 ), growth and yield attributes i.e. plant height (89.14 cm), crop dry matter accumulation (300.8 g/meter row length), crop growth rate (17.08 g/m 2 /day), leaf area index at 50 DAS (3.06, net assimilation rate 50-75 DAS, length of the spike (13.36 cm), number of grains/spike (41.52), grain yield (4083 kg/ha), straw yield (5019 kg/ha) and biological yield (9103 kg/ha) over 75% RDF.”
e2“application of the ready-to-use herbicides clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha provided a superior value of weed indices i.e. higher weed control efficiency (91.30), crop resistance-index, and herbicide efficiency-index, and lower weed-index (1.91) over other herbicides.”
Claim · model-written summary
The same herbicide treatment increased biological yield to 9755 kg/ha over the weedy check.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/hae2
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 9755 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- weedy check plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield (4374 kg/ha), straw yield (5381 kg/ha) and biological yield (9755 kg/ha) over weedy check plot”
t0“wheat”
e1“Application of 100% RDF (120-40 kg N-P 2 O 5 /ha) recorded significantly higher weed dry weight at 35 DAS (Days After Sowing) (16.50 g/m 2 ) and harvest (28.15 g/m 2 ), growth and yield attributes i.e. plant height (89.14 cm), crop dry matter accumulation (300.8 g/meter row length), crop growth rate (17.08 g/m 2 /day), leaf area index at 50 DAS (3.06, net assimilation rate 50-75 DAS, length of the spike (13.36 cm), number of grains/spike (41.52), grain yield (4083 kg/ha), straw yield (5019 kg/ha) and biological yield (9103 kg/ha) over 75% RDF.”
e2“application of the ready-to-use herbicides clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha provided a superior value of weed indices i.e. higher weed control efficiency (91.30), crop resistance-index, and herbicide efficiency-index, and lower weed-index (1.91) over other herbicides.”
Claim · model-written summary
The clodinafop mixture and sulfosulfuron mixture were mostly statistically comparable except for grains per spike.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/hae2
- Outcome
- statistically at pare0
- Direction
- at pare0
- Qualifier
- except for the number of grains/spikee0
- Comparator
- sulfosulfuron 75% + metsulfuron methyl 5% @ 32 g/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was followed by sulfosulfuron 75% + metsulfuron methyl 5% @ 32 g/ha, both of which remained statistically at par with each other except for the number of grains/spike.”
t0“wheat”
e1“Application of 100% RDF (120-40 kg N-P 2 O 5 /ha) recorded significantly higher weed dry weight at 35 DAS (Days After Sowing) (16.50 g/m 2 ) and harvest (28.15 g/m 2 ), growth and yield attributes i.e. plant height (89.14 cm), crop dry matter accumulation (300.8 g/meter row length), crop growth rate (17.08 g/m 2 /day), leaf area index at 50 DAS (3.06, net assimilation rate 50-75 DAS, length of the spike (13.36 cm), number of grains/spike (41.52), grain yield (4083 kg/ha), straw yield (5019 kg/ha) and biological yield (9103 kg/ha) over 75% RDF.”
e2“application of the ready-to-use herbicides clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha provided a superior value of weed indices i.e. higher weed control efficiency (91.30), crop resistance-index, and herbicide efficiency-index, and lower weed-index (1.91) over other herbicides.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% fertilizer dose with the clodinafop mixture gave higher net returns and maximum benefit-cost ratio.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF and clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/hae0
- Outcome
- net returns and maximum B: C ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of 100% RDF and clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 64 g/ha recorded higher net returns and maximum B: C ratio.”
t0“wheat”
e1“Application of 100% RDF (120-40 kg N-P 2 O 5 /ha) recorded significantly higher weed dry weight at 35 DAS (Days After Sowing) (16.50 g/m 2 ) and harvest (28.15 g/m 2 ), growth and yield attributes i.e. plant height (89.14 cm), crop dry matter accumulation (300.8 g/meter row length), crop growth rate (17.08 g/m 2 /day), leaf area index at 50 DAS (3.06, net assimilation rate 50-75 DAS, length of the spike (13.36 cm), number of grains/spike (41.52), grain yield (4083 kg/ha), straw yield (5019 kg/ha) and biological yield (9103 kg/ha) over 75% RDF.”
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