Abstract
This research was conducted at the research field of West-Azerbaijan (Saatloo station, 45° 10′ 53˝ E/ 37° 44′ 18˝ N and 1338 m above sea level), located 25 km from Urmia city (Iran) during 2019-2020 cropping seasons, as a factorial layout based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was irrigation regime at three levels (supplying 100, 75 and 50% of net irrigation requirement) and the second factor was planting method of wheat at four levels (plot planting, planting three lines on the ridges (ridges width=30 cm), planting four lines on the ridges (ridges width=45 cm) and planting five lines on the ridges (ridges width=60 cm)). The results showed that the highest grain-yield’s water use efficiency (1.38 kg m-3), dry mass water use efficiency (3.22 kg m-3), carotenoid content (1.02 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight), chlorophyll ratio a to b (3.52) and grain protein percentage (9.89%) were obtained from supplying of 50% of net irrigation water requirement. But the maximum grain yield (7093.30 kg ha-1) and dry mass (15282 kg ha-1), chlorophyll a (1.59 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight), chlorophyll b (0.56 mg/g fresh leaf weight), total chlorophyll a and b (2.15 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight) and protein yield (806.85 kg ha-1) were obtained from supplying of 100% of net irrigation water requirement. Planting three lines on the ridge increased grain yield, dry mass, flag leaf area, grain-yield’s water use efficiency, dry mass water use efficiency, carotenoid content, photosynthetic pigments and protein yield by 29, 33, 31, 29, 33, 38, 7 and 35%, respectively. In general, based on our findings in this study, planting the wheat on the ridge was superior to the traditional method in terms of grain yield and water use efficiency. Also, reducing irrigation water consumption by up to 50% of net requirement did not cause a significant difference in grain yield and dry mass. Therefore, in order to save water consumption and improve water use efficiency, supplying of 50% of net irrigation water requirement along with planting three lines on the ridge is recommended.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
At 50% net irrigation, grain yield water use efficiency was highest at 1.38 kg m-3.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- supplying of 50% of net irrigation water requiremente0
- Outcome
- grain-yield’s water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.38 kg m-3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“highest grain-yield’s water use efficiency (1.38 kg m-3), dry mass water use efficiency (3.22 kg m-3), carotenoid content (1.02 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight), chlorophyll ratio a to b (3.52) and grain protein percentage (9.89%) were obtained from supplying of 50% of net irrigation water requirement”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50% net irrigation, dry mass water use efficiency was highest at 3.22 kg m-3.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- supplying of 50% of net irrigation water requiremente0
- Outcome
- dry mass water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3.22 kg m-3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“highest grain-yield’s water use efficiency (1.38 kg m-3), dry mass water use efficiency (3.22 kg m-3), carotenoid content (1.02 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight), chlorophyll ratio a to b (3.52) and grain protein percentage (9.89%) were obtained from supplying of 50% of net irrigation water requirement”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50% net irrigation, carotenoid content was highest at 1.02 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- supplying of 50% of net irrigation water requiremente0
- Outcome
- carotenoid contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.02 mg g-1 fresh leaf weighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“highest grain-yield’s water use efficiency (1.38 kg m-3), dry mass water use efficiency (3.22 kg m-3), carotenoid content (1.02 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight), chlorophyll ratio a to b (3.52) and grain protein percentage (9.89%) were obtained from supplying of 50% of net irrigation water requirement”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50% net irrigation, chlorophyll a to b ratio was highest at 3.52.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- supplying of 50% of net irrigation water requiremente0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ratio a to be0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3.52e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“highest grain-yield’s water use efficiency (1.38 kg m-3), dry mass water use efficiency (3.22 kg m-3), carotenoid content (1.02 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight), chlorophyll ratio a to b (3.52) and grain protein percentage (9.89%) were obtained from supplying of 50% of net irrigation water requirement”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50% net irrigation, grain protein percentage was highest at 9.89%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- supplying of 50% of net irrigation water requiremente0
- Outcome
- grain protein percentagee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 9.89%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“highest grain-yield’s water use efficiency (1.38 kg m-3), dry mass water use efficiency (3.22 kg m-3), carotenoid content (1.02 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight), chlorophyll ratio a to b (3.52) and grain protein percentage (9.89%) were obtained from supplying of 50% of net irrigation water requirement”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100% net irrigation, grain yield reached its maximum of 7093.30 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- supplying of 100% of net irrigation water requiremente0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 7093.30 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“maximum grain yield (7093.30 kg ha-1) and dry mass (15282 kg ha-1), chlorophyll a (1.59 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight), chlorophyll b (0.56 mg/g fresh leaf weight), total chlorophyll a and b (2.15 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight) and protein yield (806.85 kg ha-1) were obtained from supplying of 100% of net irrigation water requirement”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100% net irrigation, dry mass reached its maximum of 15282 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- supplying of 100% of net irrigation water requiremente0
- Outcome
- dry masse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 15282 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“maximum grain yield (7093.30 kg ha-1) and dry mass (15282 kg ha-1), chlorophyll a (1.59 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight), chlorophyll b (0.56 mg/g fresh leaf weight), total chlorophyll a and b (2.15 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight) and protein yield (806.85 kg ha-1) were obtained from supplying of 100% of net irrigation water requirement”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100% net irrigation, chlorophyll a was highest at 1.59 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- supplying of 100% of net irrigation water requiremente0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ae0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1.59 mg g-1 fresh leaf weighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“maximum grain yield (7093.30 kg ha-1) and dry mass (15282 kg ha-1), chlorophyll a (1.59 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight), chlorophyll b (0.56 mg/g fresh leaf weight), total chlorophyll a and b (2.15 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight) and protein yield (806.85 kg ha-1) were obtained from supplying of 100% of net irrigation water requirement”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100% net irrigation, chlorophyll b was highest at 0.56 mg/g fresh leaf weight.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- supplying of 100% of net irrigation water requiremente0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll be0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 0.56 mg/g fresh leaf weighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“maximum grain yield (7093.30 kg ha-1) and dry mass (15282 kg ha-1), chlorophyll a (1.59 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight), chlorophyll b (0.56 mg/g fresh leaf weight), total chlorophyll a and b (2.15 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight) and protein yield (806.85 kg ha-1) were obtained from supplying of 100% of net irrigation water requirement”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100% net irrigation, total chlorophyll a and b was highest at 2.15 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- supplying of 100% of net irrigation water requiremente0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll a and be0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 2.15 mg g-1 fresh leaf weighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“maximum grain yield (7093.30 kg ha-1) and dry mass (15282 kg ha-1), chlorophyll a (1.59 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight), chlorophyll b (0.56 mg/g fresh leaf weight), total chlorophyll a and b (2.15 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight) and protein yield (806.85 kg ha-1) were obtained from supplying of 100% of net irrigation water requirement”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100% net irrigation, protein yield was highest at 806.85 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- supplying of 100% of net irrigation water requiremente0
- Outcome
- protein yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 806.85 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“maximum grain yield (7093.30 kg ha-1) and dry mass (15282 kg ha-1), chlorophyll a (1.59 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight), chlorophyll b (0.56 mg/g fresh leaf weight), total chlorophyll a and b (2.15 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight) and protein yield (806.85 kg ha-1) were obtained from supplying of 100% of net irrigation water requirement”
Claim · model-written summary
Three lines on a ridge increased grain yield by 29%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Planting three lines on the ridgee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 29e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Planting three lines on the ridge increased grain yield, dry mass, flag leaf area, grain-yield’s water use efficiency, dry mass water use efficiency, carotenoid content, photosynthetic pigments and protein yield by 29, 33, 31, 29, 33, 38, 7 and 35%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Three lines on a ridge increased dry mass by 33%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Planting three lines on the ridgee0
- Outcome
- dry masse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 33e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Planting three lines on the ridge increased grain yield, dry mass, flag leaf area, grain-yield’s water use efficiency, dry mass water use efficiency, carotenoid content, photosynthetic pigments and protein yield by 29, 33, 31, 29, 33, 38, 7 and 35%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Three lines on a ridge increased flag leaf area by 31%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Planting three lines on the ridgee0
- Outcome
- flag leaf areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 31e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Planting three lines on the ridge increased grain yield, dry mass, flag leaf area, grain-yield’s water use efficiency, dry mass water use efficiency, carotenoid content, photosynthetic pigments and protein yield by 29, 33, 31, 29, 33, 38, 7 and 35%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Three lines on a ridge increased grain yield water use efficiency by 29%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Planting three lines on the ridgee0
- Outcome
- grain-yield’s water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 29e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Planting three lines on the ridge increased grain yield, dry mass, flag leaf area, grain-yield’s water use efficiency, dry mass water use efficiency, carotenoid content, photosynthetic pigments and protein yield by 29, 33, 31, 29, 33, 38, 7 and 35%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Three lines on a ridge increased dry mass water use efficiency by 33%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Planting three lines on the ridgee0
- Outcome
- dry mass water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 33e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Planting three lines on the ridge increased grain yield, dry mass, flag leaf area, grain-yield’s water use efficiency, dry mass water use efficiency, carotenoid content, photosynthetic pigments and protein yield by 29, 33, 31, 29, 33, 38, 7 and 35%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Three lines on a ridge increased carotenoid content by 38%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Planting three lines on the ridgee0
- Outcome
- carotenoid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 38e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Planting three lines on the ridge increased grain yield, dry mass, flag leaf area, grain-yield’s water use efficiency, dry mass water use efficiency, carotenoid content, photosynthetic pigments and protein yield by 29, 33, 31, 29, 33, 38, 7 and 35%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Three lines on a ridge increased photosynthetic pigments by 7%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Planting three lines on the ridgee0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Planting three lines on the ridge increased grain yield, dry mass, flag leaf area, grain-yield’s water use efficiency, dry mass water use efficiency, carotenoid content, photosynthetic pigments and protein yield by 29, 33, 31, 29, 33, 38, 7 and 35%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Three lines on a ridge increased protein yield by 35%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Planting three lines on the ridgee0
- Outcome
- protein yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 35%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Planting three lines on the ridge increased grain yield, dry mass, flag leaf area, grain-yield’s water use efficiency, dry mass water use efficiency, carotenoid content, photosynthetic pigments and protein yield by 29, 33, 31, 29, 33, 38, 7 and 35%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 50% net irrigation with three lines on a ridge to save water and improve efficiency.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- supplying of 50% of net irrigation water requirement along with planting three lines on the ridgee0
- Outcome
- supplying of 50% of net irrigation water requirement along with planting three lines on the ridgee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“in order to save water consumption and improve water use efficiency, supplying of 50% of net irrigation water requirement along with planting three lines on the ridge is recommended”
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