Abstract
The effect of different foliar sprays numbers of cytokinins - (CK) and brassinosteroids - (BR) on the physiological, biochemical, and panicle parameters of rice plants subjected to combined heat stress (high day/night temperatures) were studied in three different experiments. The treatments established for the first (E1) and second (E2) experiments were the following: i) absolute control, ii) stress control, iii) heat stress + one foliar spray of CK, iv) heat stress + two foliar sprays of CK, v) heat stress + three foliar sprays of CK, vi) heat stress + one foliar spray of BR, vii) heat stress + two foliar sprays of BR, or viii) heat stress + three foliar sprays of BR. For the third experiment (E3), the treatments were the following: i) absolute control, ii) stress control, iii) heat stress + three foliar applications of CK, iv) heat stress + three foliar applications of BR. Rice-stressed plants and sprayed with three foliar sprays of CK or BR had a better stomatal conductance in E1 and E2 compared to their heat-stressed control. The relative tolerance index suggests that three CK or BR applications helped to mitigate the combined heat stress in both experiments. The foliar CK or BR applications at the flowering and grain-filling stages in rice-stressed plants increased Fv/Fm ratio and panicle characteristics (number of filled spikelets and the percentage of panicle blanking in E3). In conclusion, foliar applications of BR or CK can be considered an agronomic strategy to help improve the negative effect of combined heat stress conditions on the physiological behavior of rice plants during different phenological stages.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Three cytokinin sprays improved stomatal conductance in heat-stressed rice in E1 and E2.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- three foliar sprays of CKe0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- E1 and E2e0
- Comparator
- heat-stressed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice-stressed plants and sprayed with three foliar sprays of CK or BR had a better stomatal conductance in E1 and E2 compared to their heat-stressed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Three brassinosteroid sprays improved stomatal conductance in heat-stressed rice in E1 and E2.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- three foliar sprays of CK or BRe0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- heat-stressed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice-stressed plants and sprayed with three foliar sprays of CK or BR had a better stomatal conductance in E1 and E2 compared to their heat-stressed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Three cytokinin applications improved the relative tolerance index under combined heat stress.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“three CK or BR applications helped to mitigate the combined heat stress in both experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Three brassinosteroid applications improved the relative tolerance index under combined heat stress.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“three CK or BR applications helped to mitigate the combined heat stress in both experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin applications increased Fv/Fm ratio in heat-stressed rice at flowering and grain filling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- flowering and grain-filling stagese0
- Treatment
- foliar CKe0
- Outcome
- Fv/Fm ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar CK or BR applications at the flowering and grain-filling stages in rice-stressed plants increased Fv/Fm ratio and panicle characteristics (number of filled spikelets and the percentage of panicle blanking in E3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinosteroid applications increased Fv/Fm ratio in heat-stressed rice at flowering and grain filling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- foliar CK or BR applicationse0
- Outcome
- Fv/Fm ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar CK or BR applications at the flowering and grain-filling stages in rice-stressed plants increased Fv/Fm ratio and panicle characteristics (number of filled spikelets and the percentage of panicle blanking in E3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin applications increased rice panicle characteristics in E3.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- foliar CKe0
- Outcome
- panicle characteristics (number of filled spikelets and the percentage of panicle blanking in E3)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar CK or BR applications at the flowering and grain-filling stages in rice-stressed plants increased Fv/Fm ratio and panicle characteristics (number of filled spikelets and the percentage of panicle blanking in E3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinosteroid applications increased rice panicle characteristics in E3.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- foliar CK or BR applicationse0
- Outcome
- panicle characteristicse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar CK or BR applications at the flowering and grain-filling stages in rice-stressed plants increased Fv/Fm ratio and panicle characteristics (number of filled spikelets and the percentage of panicle blanking in E3)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose foliar brassinosteroids or cytokinins as an agronomic heat-stress strategy.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- foliar applications of BR or CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar applications of BR or CK can be considered an agronomic strategy to help improve the negative effect of combined heat stress conditions on the physiological behavior of rice plants”
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